Ithute ka Li-Microphone

Karabelo ea Khafetsa: Mefuta e fapaneng ea maqhubu ao maekerofounu a ka a nkang ka nepo. Kutlo ea batho: 20 Hz - 20 kHz. Boholo ba li-mics: 50 Hz - 15 kHz e lekane bakeng sa lentsoe. Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR): Phapang lipakeng tsa molumo oo u o batlang (letšoao) le lerata le ka morao. Holimo ho molemo. 70 dB e ntle, 80 dB e ntle haholo. Sensitivity: Maeke o hlahisa tlhahiso e kae bakeng sa khatello e fanoeng ea molumo. Kutlo e phahameng = tlhahiso e phahameng haholoanyane, e phahamisa melumo e khutsitseng le lerata la kamore. Kutloelo-bohloko e tlase = e hloka phaello e eketsehileng, empa e sa utloele lerata haholo. Maximum SPL (Sound Pressure Level): Modumo o phahameng ka ho fetisisa oo mmae o ka o tshwarang pele o sotha. 120 dB SPL e sebetsana le puo/pina e tlwaelehileng. 130 dB e hlokahalang bakeng sa lisebelisoa tse lerata kapa ho hoeletsa. Impedance: Ho hanyetsa motlakase ha maeke. Impedans e tlase (150-600 ohms) ke maemo a profeshenale, a lumellang likhoele tse telele. High impedance (10k ohms) ke ea lithapo tse khutšoane feela. Kameho ea Haufi: Bass e eketseha ha u le haufi le li-mics tsa cardioid/directional. Sebelisa bakeng sa phello ea "radio voice" kapa qoba ka ho boloka sebaka se hole. Self-Noise: Mokato oa lerata oa motlakase o hlahisoang ke maekerofounu ka boeona. Tlase e betere. Tlas'a 15 dBA ho khutsitse haholo.

Paterone ea polar e bonts'a hore na maekrofounu o nka molumo ho tsoa mahlakoreng afe. Cardioid (e bōpehileng joaloka pelo): E nka molumo ho tloha ka pele, e hana ka morao. Mokhoa o tloaelehileng haholo. E ntle bakeng sa ho arola mohloli o le mong le ho fokotsa lerata la kamore. E loketse mantsoe, podcasting, phallela. Omnidirectional (litsela tsohle): E phahamisa molumo ka ho lekana ho tsoa nqa tsohle. Molumo oa tlhaho, o hapa sebaka sa kamore. E loketse lihlopha tsa ho rekota, molumo oa kamore, kapa libaka tsa tlhaho tsa acoustic. Bidirectional/Figure-8: E nka ho tloha ka pele le ka morao, e hana ka mahlakoreng. E nepahetse bakeng sa lipuisano tsa batho ba babeli, ho rekota molumo le ponahalo ea kamore ea eona, kapa rekoto ea stereo e bohareng ba lehlakore. Supercardioid/Hypercardioid: Pickup e thata ho feta cardioid e nang le lobe e nyane e ka morao. Ho hana hamolemo lerata la kamore le melumo ea mahlakoreng. E tlwaelehileng kgaso le modumo o phelang. Ho khetha mokhoa o nepahetseng ho fokotsa lerata le sa batleheng le ho ntlafatsa boleng ba ho rekota.

Microphone ke transducer e fetolang maqhubu a molumo (acoustic energy) hore e be lipontšo tsa motlakase. Ha u bua kapa u etsa molumo, limolek'hule tsa moea lia thothomela ho baka maqhubu a khatello. Diaphragm ea maekrofono e tsamaea ka lebaka la liphetoho tsena tsa khatello, ’me motsamao ona o fetoloa letšoao la motlakase le ka rekotoang, la holisoa kapa la fetisoa. Molao-motheo oa motheo o sebetsa ho li-microphone tsohle, le hoja mokhoa oa ho fetola o fapana ho ea ka mofuta. Ho utloisisa hore na maekerofounu ea hau e sebetsa joang ho u thusa ho fumana molumo o betere.

Microphone ke sesebelisoa se fetolang maqhubu a molumo hore e be lipontšo tsa motlakase. E sebetsa ka ho sebelisa diaphragm e sisinyehang ha maqhubu a molumo a e otla, 'me ho thothomela hona ho fetoloa lets'oao la motlakase le ka holisoang, ho rekotoa kapa ho fetisoa.

Mohlala oa sekhahla ke makhetlo a makae ka motsotsoana molumo o lekantsoeng. Litefiso tse tloaelehileng ke 44.1kHz (CD boleng), 48kHz (tekanyetso ea video), le 96kHz (e phahameng-resolution). Litefiso tse phahameng tsa sampole li hapa lintlha tse ngata empa li theha lifaele tse kholoanyane. Bakeng sa lisebelisoa tse ngata, 48kHz e ntle haholo.

Li-Microphone tse Matla li sebelisa diaphragm e khomaretsoeng holim'a khoele ea terata e fanyehiloeng sebakeng sa makenete. Maqhubu a molumo a tsamaisa diaphragm le coil, a hlahisa motlakase. Li makukuno, ha li hloke matla, 'me li tšoara melumo e lerata hantle. E ntle bakeng sa litšoantšiso tse etsahalang, podcasting, le meropa. Li-Microphone tsa Condenser li sebelisa "diaphragm" e tšesaane e behiloeng haufi le mokokotlo oa tšepe, ho etsa capacitor. Maqhubu a molumo a fetola sebaka se pakeng tsa lipoleiti, matla a fapaneng le ho theha lets'oao la motlakase. Li hloka matla a phantom (48V), li na le kutloelo-bohloko haholoanyane, li hapa lintlha tse ngata, 'me li loketse mantsoe a studio, liletsa tsa acoustic le lirekoto tsa boleng bo holimo. Khetha e matla bakeng sa ho tšoarella le mehloli e lerata, condenser bakeng sa lintlha le mehloli e khutsitseng.

Li-Microphone tsa USB li na le converter ea analog-to-digital e hahelletsoeng le preamp. Li hokela ka kotloloho koung ea USB ea komporo ea hau 'me li tsejoa hang-hang. E nepahetse bakeng sa podcasting, ho phallela, mehala ea video le ho rekota lapeng. Li bonolo, lia fumaneha, 'me lia nkeha. Leha ho le joalo, li na le mic e le 'ngoe ka koung ea USB 'me li na le menyetla e fokolang ea ntlafatso. Li-Microphone tsa XLR ke li-microphone tsa litsebi tsa analog tse hlokang sebopeho sa molumo kapa motsoako. Khokahano ea XLR e leka-lekane (e fokotsa tšitiso) 'me e fana ka boleng bo holimo ba molumo, maemo a bonolo haholoanyane, le likarolo tsa botsebi. U ka sebelisa li-mics tse ngata ka nako e le 'ngoe, u ntlafatsa li-preamp tsa hau ka thoko,' me u be le taolo e eketsehileng holim'a ketane ea hau ea molumo. Li maemong a tloaelehileng ho li-studio tsa profeshenale, melumo e teng, le khaso. Ba qalang: Qala ka USB. Litsebi kapa batho ba ratang ho itlosa bolutu ka botebo: Tsetela ho XLR.

Li-microphone tse matla li sebelisa induction ea electromagnetic ho fetolela molumo hore e be mats'oao a motlakase. Li tšoarella nako e telele, li sebetsana hantle le maemo a khatello ea molumo o phahameng, 'me ha li hloke matla a kantle. Hangata e sebelisetsoa ho bapala le ho rekota lisebelisoa tse lerata.

Li-microphone tsa condenser li sebelisa capacitor (condenser) ho fetolela matla a acoustic ho ba matla a motlakase. Li hloka matla a phantom (hangata 48V) 'me li na le kutloelo-bohloko ho feta li-mics tse matla, li li etsa tse loketseng bakeng sa ho rekota mantsoe le liletsa tsa molumo.

Ho bea maekerofounu ka nepo ho ntlafatsa boleng ba molumo haholo: Bohole: 6-12 inches bakeng sa ho bua, 12-24 inches bakeng sa ho bina. Haufi = bass e eketsehileng (phello e haufi), melumo e mengata ea molomo. Ho feta = tlhaho ea tlhaho, empa e nka lerata la kamore. Akse: Hanyenyane-hang-axis (ho supa molomong oa hao empa eseng ka ho toba) ho fokotsa plosives (melumo ea P le B) le sibilance (melumo ea S). Bophahamo: Boemo boemong ba molomo/nkong. Ka holimo kapa ka tlase e fetola molumo. Kalafo ea kamoreng: Rekota hole le mabota (maoto a 3) ho fokotsa likhakanyo. Ho beha likhutlong ho eketsa li-base. Sebelisa likharetene, likobo kapa foam ho theola maikutlo. Pop filter: 2-3 inches ho tloha mic ho fokotsa liqhomane ntle le ho ama molumo. Shock mount: E fokotsa ho thothomela ho tloha tafoleng, keyboard kapa fatše. Lekola maemo a fapaneng ha u ntse u beha leihlo 'me u fumane hore na lentsoe le tikoloho ea hau ke life tse utloahalang hantle.

Tikoloho ea hau ea ho rekota e bohlokoa joalo ka maekrofounu ea hau. Li-acoustics tsa kamore: - Libaka tse thata (mabota, fuluru, lifensetere) li bonahatsa molumo o bakang molumo le leetsi - Libaka tse bonolo (likharetene, lik'hapete, thepa ea ka tlung, likobo) li monya molumo - E loketseng: Motsoako oa ho monya le ho phatlolla bakeng sa molumo oa tlhaho - Bothata: Mabota a tšoanang a theha maqhubu a emeng le molumo oa molumo oa molumo. lisofa, likharetene, limmete, lishelefo tsa libuka 3. Leketlisa likobo tse tsamaeang kapa likharetene tse teteaneng maboteng 4. Ngola ka oteropo e tletseng liaparo (natural sound booth!) 5. Theha sefe e bonahatsang ka mor'a mic sebelisa foam kapa likobo boemo / futhumatsang: Koala nakong ea ho rekota - Sehatsetsing hum: Rekota hole le kichineng - Lerata la sephethephethe: Rekota nakong ea lihora tse khutsitseng, koala lifensetere - Echo ea kamore: Eketsa ho monya (sheba ka holimo) - Tšitiso ea motlakase: Boloka mic hole le li-adapter tsa matla, li-monitor, mabone a LED Pro Tip: Rekota metsotsoana e seng mekae ea khutso ho hapa "molumo oa hau oa kamore" - ho fokotsa molumo oa kamore ea hau. Litharollo tsa lichelete li otla li-mics tse turang ka likamoreng tse sa alafshoang!

Mokhoa o nepahetseng oa maekrofono o ntlafatsa molumo oa hau haholo: Taolo ea sebaka: - Puo e tloaelehileng: 6-10 inches - Ho bina hamonate: 8-12 inches - Ho bina ka lentsoe le phahameng: 10-16 inches - Ho hoeletsa / ho hoeletsa: 12-24 inches Ho sebetsa setsoalle se haufi: - Atamela haufi bakeng sa ho leka-lekana ho eketsehileng bakeng sa ho leka-lekana ho feta ho ea ho "radio" - Sebelisa sebaka se khutsitseng ho ea morao-rao - Ho khutlela morao ho ea ho lentsoe la tlhaho. eketsa dynamics to performance Controlling plosives (P, B, T): - Sebelisa pop filter 2-3 inches ho tloha mic - Position mic ka holimo hanyane kapa lehlakoreng la molomo - Retelletsa hlooho ea hau hanyane nakong ea li-plosives tse thata - Theha mokhoa oa ho nolofatsa li-plosives ka tlhaho Ho fokotsa ho hlaka (melumo e thata ea S): - Supa mic ka tlase ho molomo oa hau - e lebise holimo hanyane molomong oa hau, eseng ka ho toba lentsoe le khanyang/sibilant - De-esser plugin posong haeba ho hlokahala Consistency: - Tšoaea sebaka sa hau ka theipi kapa pono ea pono - Boloka angle le boemo bo ts'oanang - Sebelisa li-headphones ho itekola - Sebelisa shock mount ho thibela lerata Movement: - Lula u sa sisinyehe (sebelisa shock mount bakeng sa metsamao e menyane) - Bakeng sa 'mino: Tsamaea haufi le likarolo tse khutsitseng, khutlela morao ka lentsoe le phahameng Ha ho mohla komiki. koahela microphone (ho fetola molumo, ho baka maikutlo) - Tšoara 'mele, eseng haufi le grille - Bakeng sa ho tšoara ka letsoho: Tšoara ka tieo empa u se ke ua petetsa Ho itloaetsa ho etsa hore e be e phethahetseng - ingolise 'me u leke!

Ho beha maekerofounu ka nepo ho ama boleng ba molumo haholo. Bakeng sa lentsoe: boemo ba lisenthimithara tse 6-12 ho tloha molomong oa hau, hanyenyane ho tloha-axis ho fokotsa liqhomane. Qoba ho supa ka ho toba molomong oa hao. Qoba hole le libapali tsa komporo le moea o futhumatsang moea.

Mokhoa o hlophisitsoeng oa ho hlahloba le ho lokisa litaba tsa molumo: Bothata: Molumo o mosesaane kapa o monyane - Hole haholo le mic kapa off-axis - Ho khethiloe mokhoa o fosahetseng oa polar - Litšoantšo tsa kamore le leetsi - Lokisa: Atamela haufi, beha holim'a axis, eketsa phekolo ea phaposi Lokisa: Khutlela ka lisenthimithara tse 2-4, suthela hōle le likhutlo Bothata: Molumo o bohale kapa oa ho phunya - Maqhubu a phahameng haholo (sibilance) - Mic e lebisitse ka ho toba molomong - Microphone e theko e tlaase ntle le karabelo e nepahetseng ea maqhubu - Lokisa: Angle mic hanyenyane ho tloha-axis, sebelisa pop filter, EQ ka poso Bothata: Lerata / hissy ho lla - Ho rekota ha molumo oa motlakase - Phatlalatso ea boleng bo phahameng haholo - Phatlalatso ea boleng bo phahameng ba motlakase Lokisa: Fokotsa phaello 'me u bue ka lentsoe le phahameng, suthela hole le lisebelisoa tsa motlakase, ho ntlafatsa sebopeho Bothata: Molumo o sa utloahaleng - Ho monya / ho kolobisa haholo - Microphone e thibetsoe - Mic ea boleng bo tlase - Lokisa: Tlosa ho kolobisoa ho feteletseng, hlahloba ho beoa ha mic, lisebelisoa tsa ntlafatso Bothata: Khopamiso - Boemo ba ho fumana/ho kenya holimo haholo (ho penya) - Ho bua ka lentsoe le phahameng haholo/haufi haholo - Lokisa: Fokotsa phaello, tlosa maekropo, bua hamonate Teko ka mokhoa o hlophisitsoeng: Fetola phapano e le 'ngoe ka nako, rekota lisampole, bapisa liphetho.

Ho fumana sethala ke mokhoa oa ho beha boemo bo nepahetseng ba ho rekota sebakeng se seng le se seng sa ketane ea hau ea molumo ho boloka boleng le ho qoba ho khopama. Sepheo: Ngola ka lentsoe le phahameng kamoo ho ka khonehang ntle le ho khaola (ho sotha). Mehato ea ho fumana phaello e nepahetseng: 1. Qala ka taolo ea boemo ba phaello / ho kenya ka har'a sehokelo kapa motsoako 2. Bua kapa u bine ka lerata la hau le tloaelehileng 3. Lokisa phaello e le hore litlhōrō li otla -12 ho ea ho -6 dB (yellow on meters) 4. Le ka mohla u se ke ua e lumella hore e otle 0 dB (red) - sena se baka "digital clipping". Haeba o fokotsa, fokotsa phaello. Ke hobane'ng ha u sa rekote ka bongata? - Ha ho sebaka sa hlooho bakeng sa nako e sa lebelloang ea lerata - Kotsi ea ho koetla - Ho fokola ha maemo ha u hlophisa Hobaneng u sa rekote ho khutsa haholo? - E tlameha ho matlafatsa ho hlophisa, ho eketsa lerata la lerata - Karo-karolelano e fokolang ea pontšo-ho-lerata - E lahleheloa ke boitsebiso bo matla Maemo a Sepheo: - Puo/Podcast: -12 ho ea ho -6 dB tlhoro - Mantsoe: -18 ho ea ho -12 dB tlhoro - Mehloli ea 'mino/Lerata: -6 ho ea ho -3 dB tlhoro ea Monitor e nang le limithara tse peli tse phahameng ka ho fetisisa le RMS. Tloha ntlo ea ntlo kamehla!

Phantom power ke mokhoa oa ho fana ka motlakase oa DC (hangata ke 48V) ho li-microphone tsa condenser ka thapo e tšoanang ea XLR e tsamaisang molumo. E bitsoa "phantom" hobane ha e bonahale ho lisebelisoa tse sa e hlokeng - li-microphone tse matla li iphapanyetsa eona ka mokhoa o sireletsehileng. Hobaneng ho hlokahala: Limaeke tsa Condenser li hloka matla bakeng sa: - Ho tjhaja lipoleiti tsa capacitor - Ho matlafatsa preamplifier ea ka hare - Ho boloka motlakase oa polarization Kamoo e sebetsang kateng: 48V e romelloa ka ho lekana tlase pins 2 le 3 ea thapo ea XLR, ka pin 1 (fatše) e le ho khutlisa. Melaetsa e leka-lekaneng ha e amehe hobane e fapane. Moo e tsoang teng: - Li-audio interfaces (tse ngata li na le konopo ea matla a phantom ea 48V) - Ho kopanya li-consoles - Lisebelisoa tsa motlakase tse inehetseng tsa phantom Lintlha tsa bohlokoa: - Kamehla o bulela matla a phantom PELE o hokela mic le ho tima PELE o hakoa - E ke ke ea senya li-mics tse matla, empa e ka senya li-mics tsa ribbon - hlahloba pele ho nolofalletsa - Lipontšo tse ling tsa phantom tsa LED li hahiloe. matla mme ha o hloke kantle 48V Ha ho matla a phantom = ha ho na molumo o tsoang ho li-mics tsa condenser.

Sample Rate (e lekantsoeng ka Hz kapa kHz) ke makhetlo a makae ka motsotsoana molumo o lekantsoeng. - 44.1 kHz (CD boleng): 44,100 disampole motsotsoana. E tšoara maqhubu ho fihla ho 22 kHz (moeli oa kutlo ea motho). E tloaelehileng bakeng sa 'mino. - 48 kHz (video ea litsebi): E tloaelehileng bakeng sa filimi, TV, tlhahiso ea video. - 96 kHz kapa 192 kHz (high-res): E tšoara maqhubu a ultrasonic, e fana ka lihlooho tse ngata bakeng sa ho hlophisa. Lifaele tse kholoanyane, phapang e fokolang e utloahalang. Bit Depth e etsa qeto ea mefuta e fapaneng ea matla (phapang pakeng tsa melumo e khutsitseng le e lerata): - 16-bit: 96 dB dynamic range. CD boleng, e ntle bakeng sa kabo ea ho qetela. - 24-bit: 144 dB sebaka se matla. Tekanyetso ea studio, kamore ea hlooho e eketsehileng bakeng sa ho rekota le ho hlophisa. E fokotsa lerata la quantization. - 32-bit float: Ha e le hantle e na le moeli o sa lekanyetsoang, o ke keng oa qojoa. E loketse bakeng sa ho rekota tšimong le polokeho. Bakeng sa merero e mengata, 48 kHz / 24-bit e nepahetse. Litlhophiso tse phahameng li theha lifaele tse kholo tse nang le molemo o fokolang bakeng sa tšebeliso e tloaelehileng.