Mawu omveka bwino omvera ndi maikolofoni
Zipangizo ndi njira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyang'anira zowunikira komanso maverebu m'chipinda. Zimaphatikizapo kuyamwa (thovu, mapanelo), kufalikira (malo osagwirizana), ndi misampha ya bass.
Chitsanzo: Kuyika ma acoustic panels poyang'ana koyamba kumathandizira kujambula bwino.
Chida chomwe chimatembenuza ma siginecha amawu a analogi kukhala digito (ndi mosemphanitsa) chokhala ndi mtundu wapamwamba kuposa makadi amawu apakompyuta. Amapereka zolowetsa za XLR, mphamvu ya phantom, ndi latency yochepa.
Chitsanzo: Focusrite Scarlett 2i2 ndi mawonekedwe otchuka a 2-channel USB audio.
Njira yolumikizira mawu pogwiritsa ntchito ma conductor atatu (zabwino, zoyipa, pansi) kukana kusokoneza ndi phokoso. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu zingwe za XLR komanso audio yaukadaulo.
Chitsanzo: Malumikizidwe oyenera a XLR amatha kuthamanga mapazi a 100 popanda kuwononga chizindikiro.
Amatchedwanso chithunzi-8. Amanyamula phokoso kuchokera kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo, amakana kuchokera kumbali. Zothandiza poyankhulana ndi anthu awiri kapena kujambula mawu mchipinda.
Chitsanzo: Ikani oyankhula awiri kuyang'anizana wina ndi mzake ndi mic 8 pakati pawo.
Chiwerengero cha ma bits omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyimira chitsanzo chilichonse cha audio. Kuzama kwapang'ono kumatanthauza kusinthasintha kwakukulu komanso phokoso lochepa.
Chitsanzo: 16-bit (CD khalidwe) kapena 24-bit (akatswiri kujambula)
Chojambula chowoneka ngati mtima chomwe chimajambula mawu kuchokera kutsogolo kwa maikolofoni kwinaku chikukana mawu akumbuyo. Mtundu wodziwika kwambiri wa polar.
Chitsanzo: Ma mics a Cardioid ndi abwino kupatula wokamba nkhani m'modzi pamalo aphokoso.
Kusokoneza komwe kumachitika pamene chizindikiro cha audio chikuposa mlingo waukulu umene dongosolo lingathe kuchita.
Chitsanzo: Kulankhula mokweza kwambiri pa mic kungayambitse kudumpha ndi kusokoneza mawu
Purosesa yomvera yomwe imachepetsa kusinthasintha potsitsa magawo okweza, kupangitsa kuti mulingo wonsewo ukhale wosasinthasintha. Zofunikira pazojambula zomveka bwino.
Chitsanzo: Gwiritsani ntchito compressor ya 3: 1 kuti mugwirizane ndi mawu.
Mtundu wa maikolofoni pogwiritsa ntchito capacitor kuti asinthe mawu kukhala chizindikiro chamagetsi. Pamafunika mphamvu (phantom), kumva kwambiri, kuyankha pafupipafupi pafupipafupi. Zoyenera nyimbo za studio komanso zojambulira mwatsatanetsatane.
Chitsanzo: Neumann U87 ndi maikolofoni yodziwika bwino ya diaphragm condenser.
Purosesa yamawu yomwe imachepetsa kusanjana mwa kukanikiza ma frequency owopsa (4-8 kHz) pokhapokha ikadutsa malire.
Chitsanzo: Ikani chotsitsa kuti muchepetse kumveka kwamphamvu kwa S muzojambula zamawu.
Kakhungu kakang'ono ka maikolofoni komwe kamanjenjemera potsatira mafunde. Ma diaphragm akuluakulu (1") ndi otentha komanso omveka; ma diaphragms ang'onoang'ono (<1") ndi olondola komanso atsatanetsatane.
Chitsanzo: Ma condenser akuluakulu a diaphragm amawakonda m'mawu owulutsa pawailesi.
Mtundu wa maikolofoni wogwiritsa ntchito electromagnetic induction (kusuntha koyilo mu maginito). Zolimba, zosafunikira mphamvu, zimagwira SPL yayikulu. Zabwino kwambiri pamasewera amoyo komanso magwero amphamvu.
Chitsanzo: Shure SM58 ndiye maikolofoni yokhazikika pamawu.
Kusiyana pakati pa phokoso labata ndi lokweza kwambiri maikolofoni imatha kujambula popanda kusokoneza.
Chitsanzo: Kuyeza mu decibels (dB); apamwamba ndi abwino
Njira yolimbikitsira kapena kuchepetsa ma frequency angapo kuti apange mawonekedwe amtundu wamawu. Zosefera zapamwamba zimachotsa phokoso, kudula kumachepetsa mavuto, kumawonjezera.
Chitsanzo: Ikani fyuluta yothamanga kwambiri pa 80 Hz kuti muchotse phokoso lotsika pamawu.
Kutsika kwa phokoso loyezedwa mu Hertz (Hz). Mafupipafupi otsika = mabass (20-250 Hz), midrange = thupi (250 Hz - 4 kHz), maulendo apamwamba = treble (4-20 kHz).
Chitsanzo: Kuthamanga kwa mawu achimuna kumayambira 85-180 Hz.
Kusiyanasiyana kwa ma frequency omwe maikolofoni amatha kujambula, komanso momwe amawapanganso molondola.
Chitsanzo: Maikolofoni yokhala ndi mayankho a 20Hz-20kHz imagwira makutu onse a anthu
Kukulitsa kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pa chizindikiro cha maikolofoni. Kupindula koyenera kumajambula mawu pamlingo wabwino kwambiri popanda kudumpha kapena phokoso lalikulu.
Chitsanzo: Khazikitsani kupindula kwa maikolofoni yanu kuti nsonga zigunde -12 mpaka -6 dB pamawu oyankhulidwa.
Kuchuluka kwa malo pakati pa milingo yanu yanthawi zonse yojambulira ndi 0 dBFS (kudula). Amapereka malire achitetezo pamaphokoso osayembekezereka.
Chitsanzo: Kujambulira nsonga pa -12 dB kumapereka 12 dB yamutu musanayambe kudula.
Kukana kwamagetsi kwa maikolofoni, kuyeza mu ohms (Ω). Low impedance (150-600Ω) ndi mulingo waukadaulo ndipo umalola kuti zingwe ziyende bwino popanda kuwononga ma siginecha.
Chitsanzo: Ma maikolofoni a XLR amagwiritsa ntchito zolumikizira zocheperako.
Kuchedwerako pakati pa kuyika kwa mawu ndi kumva m'mahedifoni/zolankhulira, kuyeza ma milliseconds. Pansi ndi bwino. Pansi pa 10ms ndizosawoneka.
Chitsanzo: Ma mics a USB nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi 10-30ms latency; XLR yokhala ndi mawonekedwe omvera imatha kukwaniritsa <5ms.
Mulingo wa phokoso lakumbuyo mu siginecha ya audio pomwe palibe mawu omwe akujambulidwa.
Chitsanzo: Pansi phokoso lapansi limatanthawuza zojambulidwa zoyera, zopanda phokoso
Ndondomeko ya polar yomwe imatenga phokoso mofanana kuchokera kumbali zonse (madigiri 360). Imajambula mawonekedwe achipinda chachilengedwe komanso mawonekedwe.
Chitsanzo: Omnidirectional mics ndiabwino kujambula zokambirana zamagulu.
Njira yoperekera mphamvu ku ma condenser maikolofoni kudzera mu chingwe chomwe chimanyamula mawu. Nthawi zambiri 48 volts.
Chitsanzo: Ma mics a Condenser amafunikira mphamvu ya phantom kuti agwire ntchito, ma mics amphamvu safuna
Kuphulika kwa mpweya kuchokera ku makonsonanti (P, B, T) komwe kumapangitsa kugunda kwapang'onopang'ono pojambulira. Kuchepetsedwa pogwiritsa ntchito zosefera za pop ndi njira yoyenera ya mic.
Chitsanzo: Mawu oti "pop" ali ndi plosive yomwe imatha kudzaza kapisozi wa mic.
Kukhudzika kolowera kwa maikolofoni - komwe kumatengera mawu.
Chitsanzo: Cardioid (yoboola mtima), omnidirectional (mbali zonse), chithunzi-8 (kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo)
Chophimba chomwe chimayikidwa pakati pa choyankhulira ndi maikolofoni kuti muchepetse phokoso (P, B, T) lomwe limayambitsa kuphulika kwadzidzidzi kwa mpweya ndi kusokoneza.
Chitsanzo: Ikani zosefera za pop mainchesi 2-3 kuchokera pa mic capsule.
Amplifier yomwe imakweza chizindikiro chotsika kwambiri kuchokera pa maikolofoni kupita ku mzere wa mzere. Ma preamp apamwamba amawonjezera phokoso lochepa komanso mtundu.
Chitsanzo: Ma preamp apamwamba amatha kuwononga masauzande ambiri koma amapereka zowoneka bwino, zokulitsa bwino.
Bass frequency boost imachitika pomwe gwero la mawu lili pafupi kwambiri ndi maikolofoni yolunjika. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mwanzeru pofunda kapena iyenera kupewedwa kuti ikhale yolondola.
Chitsanzo: Mawayilesi a DJ amagwiritsa ntchito kuyandikira poyandikira maikolofoni kuti amve mawu akuya, ofunda.
Mtundu wa maikolofoni womwe umagwiritsa ntchito riboni yopyapyala yachitsulo yolenjekeka mu mphamvu ya maginito. Kutentha, kumveka kwachilengedwe ndi chithunzi-8. Zosalimba komanso zimakhudzidwa ndi mphamvu ya mphepo/phantom.
Chitsanzo: Ma mics a riboni ndi amtengo wapatali chifukwa cha mawu ake osalala, akale kwambiri pamawu ndi mkuwa.
Phokoso la phokoso limayesedwa ndi ma decibel. Maximum SPL ndiye mawu okweza kwambiri omwe maikolofoni amatha kuyigwira isanasokonezedwe.
Chitsanzo: Kukambitsirana kwachizolowezi kuli pafupifupi 60 dB SPL; konsati ya rock ndi 110 dB SPL.
Chiwerengero cha nthawi pa sekondi iliyonse pomwe zomvera zimayesedwa ndikusungidwa pa digito. Kuyesedwa mu Hertz (Hz) kapena kilohertz (kHz).
Chitsanzo: 44.1kHz zikutanthauza zitsanzo 44,100 pa sekondi iliyonse
Kodi maikolofoni amatulutsa magetsi ochuluka bwanji pamlingo womwe wapatsidwa. Ma mics omveka bwino amatulutsa ma siginecha amphamvu koma amatha kumva phokoso lachipinda.
Chitsanzo: Ma mics a Condenser amakhala ndi chidwi kwambiri kuposa ma mics osinthika.
Dongosolo loyimitsidwa lomwe limagwira maikolofoni ndikuilekanitsa ndi kugwedezeka, kugunda kwaphokoso, ndi kusokonezedwa ndi makina.
Chitsanzo: Kukweza kowopsa kumalepheretsa mawu akulemba pa kiyibodi kuti asamveke.
"S" ndi "SH" amamveka mwankhanza, mokokomeza m'makaseti. Itha kuchepetsedwa ndi kuyika kwa maikolofoni, mapulagini a de-esser, kapena EQ.
Chitsanzo: Mawu oti "Amagulitsa zipolopolo za m'nyanja" amakhala osavuta kumva.
Chiyerekezo pakati pa siginecha yomvera yomwe mukufuna ndi phokoso lakumbuyo lakumbuyo, loyezedwa ndi ma decibel (dB). Makhalidwe apamwamba amasonyeza zojambulidwa zoyera ndi phokoso lochepa.
Chitsanzo: Maikolofoni yokhala ndi 80 dB SNR imatengedwa kuti ndi yabwino kwambiri kujambula akatswiri.
Njira zolimba zowongolera kuposa cardioid yokhala ndi lobe yaying'ono yakumbuyo. Perekani kukana kwabwinoko popatula magwero amawu m'malo aphokoso.
Chitsanzo: Ma maikolofoni a Shotgun pafilimu amagwiritsa ntchito machitidwe a hypercardioid.
Kulumikizana kwamawu pogwiritsa ntchito ma conductor awiri (signal ndi ground). Zambiri zitha kusokonezedwa. Zofala pamagetsi ogula okhala ndi zingwe za 1/4" TS kapena 3.5mm.
Chitsanzo: Zingwe za gitala nthawi zambiri zimakhala zopanda malire ndipo ziyenera kusungidwa pansi pa 20 mapazi.
Chophimba cha thovu kapena ubweya chomwe chimachepetsa phokoso la mphepo pojambula panja. Zofunikira pakujambula m'munda komanso zoyankhulana zakunja.
Chitsanzo: Chophimba chakutsogolo cha "mphaka wakufa" chimatha kuchepetsa phokoso la mphepo ndi 25 dB.
Cholumikizira chomvera cha pini zitatu chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamawu aukadaulo. Amapereka kukana kwaphokoso kwapamwamba kwambiri ndipo amalola kuthamanga kwa chingwe kwautali. Standard kwa maikolofoni akatswiri.
Chitsanzo: Zingwe za XLR zimagwiritsa ntchito ma pin 1 (ground), 2 (positive), ndi 3 (negative) pamawu omveka bwino.
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