Phunzirani Za Maikolofoni

Kuyankha pafupipafupi: Kusiyanasiyana kwa ma frequency omwe maikolofoni imatha kujambula molondola. Kumva kwa anthu: 20 Hz - 20 kHz. Ma mics ambiri: 50 Hz - 15 kHz ndikwanira mawu. Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR): Kusiyana pakati pa mawu omwe mukufuna (signal) ndi phokoso lakumbuyo. Wapamwamba ndi bwino. 70 dB ndi yabwino, 80 dB ndi yabwino kwambiri. Sensitivity: Kutulutsa kochuluka kwa maikolofoni kumatulutsa mphamvu ya mawu. Kukhudzika kwakukulu = kutulutsa kwakukulu, kumamva phokoso labata ndi phokoso lachipinda. Kumverera pang'ono = kumafunikira phindu lochulukirapo, koma osamva phokoso. Maximum SPL (Sound Pressure Level): Phokoso lalikulu kwambiri lomwe maikolofoni amatha kuyigwira isanasokonezedwe. 120 dB SPL imagwira mawu / kuyimba wamba. 130 dB yofunikira pazida zokweza kapena kukuwa. Impedance: Kukana kwamagetsi kwa mic. Low impedance (150-600 ohms) ndi muyezo waukadaulo, umalola kuthamanga kwa chingwe chachitali. High impedance (10k ohms) ndi ya zingwe zazifupi zokha. Kuyandikira Kwapafupi: Bass imakweza mukayandikira ma mics amtima/directional. Gwiritsani ntchito "mawu a wailesi" kapena pewani poyendetsa mtunda. Phokoso Lokha: Pansi phokoso lamagetsi lopangidwa ndi maikolofoni yokha. Pansi ndi bwino. Pansi pa 15 dBA ndi chete.

Mtundu wa polar ukuwonetsa komwe maikolofoni amatengera mawu. Mtima (wooneka ngati mtima): Amanyamula phokoso kutsogolo, amakana kumbuyo. Ambiri chitsanzo. Zabwino kupatula gwero limodzi ndikuchepetsa phokoso lachipinda. Zabwino pamawu, podcasting, kukhamukira. Omnidirectional (mbali zonse): Imakweza mawu mofanana kuchokera mbali zonse. Phokoso lachilengedwe, limajambula mawonekedwe achipinda. Zabwino pojambulira magulu, kamvekedwe ka chipinda, kapena malo achilengedwe omvera. Bidirectional / Chithunzi-8: Imanyamula kuchokera kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo, imakana kuchokera kumbali. Zabwino pamafunso a anthu awiri, kujambula mawu ndi mawonekedwe ake achipinda, kapena kujambula kwapakati pa stereo. Supercardioid/Hypercardioid: Chojambula cholimba kuposa chamtima chokhala ndi lobe yaying'ono yakumbuyo. Kukana bwino kwa phokoso la chipinda ndi phokoso lakumbali. Zodziwika pawayilesi ndi mawu amoyo. Kusankha njira yoyenera kumachepetsa phokoso losafunikira komanso kumathandizira kujambula bwino.

Maikolofoni ndi transducer yomwe imatembenuza mafunde amawu (acoustic energy) kukhala ma sign amagetsi. Mukamalankhula kapena kutulutsa mawu, mamolekyu a mpweya amanjenjemera ndikupanga mafunde amphamvu. Diaphragm ya maikolofoni imayenda motsatira kusintha kwa mphamvuzi, ndipo kayendedwe kameneka kamasinthidwa kukhala chizindikiro chamagetsi chomwe chimatha kujambula, kukulitsa, kapena kufalitsa. Mfundo yofunikira imagwira ntchito pama maikolofoni onse, ngakhale njira yosinthira imasiyanasiyana malinga ndi mtundu. Kumvetsetsa momwe maikolofoni yanu imagwirira ntchito kumakuthandizani kuti mukhale ndi mawu abwinoko.

Maikolofoni ndi chipangizo chomwe chimatembenuza mafunde a mawu kukhala mazizindikiro amagetsi. Imagwira ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito diaphragm yomwe imanjenjemera pamene mafunde amawu agunda, ndipo kugwedezeka kumeneku kumasinthidwa kukhala chizindikiro chamagetsi chomwe chimatha kukulitsidwa, kujambula, kapena kufalitsa.

Zitsanzo mlingo ndi kuchuluka kwa audio pa sekondi iliyonse. Mitengo wamba ndi 44.1kHz (CD quality), 48kHz (kanema muyezo), ndi 96kHz (high-resolution). Zitsanzo zapamwamba zimajambula zambiri koma pangani mafayilo akuluakulu. Kwa ogwiritsa ntchito ambiri, 48kHz ndiyabwino kwambiri.

Ma Microphone Amphamvu amagwiritsa ntchito diaphragm yolumikizidwa ndi waya woyimitsidwa pagawo la maginito. Mafunde amawu amasuntha diaphragm ndi koyilo, kutulutsa magetsi. Ndi zolimba, sizifuna mphamvu, komanso zimamveka bwino. Zabwino kwambiri pazosewerera, podcasting, ndi ng'oma. Ma Microphone a Condenser amagwiritsa ntchito diaphragm yopyapyala yoyikidwa pafupi ndi chitsulo chakumbuyo chachitsulo, kupanga capacitor. Mafunde amawu amasintha mtunda pakati pa mbale, kusiyanasiyana kwa mphamvu ndikupanga chizindikiro chamagetsi. Amafuna mphamvu ya phantom (48V), amakhudzidwa kwambiri, amajambula mwatsatanetsatane, ndipo ndi abwino kwa nyimbo za studio, zida zoyimbira, komanso zojambulira zapamwamba kwambiri. Sankhani zosunthika kuti zikhale zolimba komanso zomveka, ma condenser kuti mumve zambiri komanso malo opanda phokoso.

Ma Microphones a USB ali ndi chosinthira cha analog-to-digital komanso preamp. Iwo pulagi mwachindunji kompyuta anu USB doko ndipo yomweyo anazindikira. Zabwino kwa podcasting, kusuntha, kuyimba mavidiyo, komanso kujambula kunyumba. Ndi zosavuta, zotsika mtengo, komanso zonyamula. Komabe, amangokhala ndi maikolofoni imodzi pa doko la USB ndipo ali ndi mwayi wocheperako. Ma Microphone a XLR ndi maikolofoni akatswiri a analogi omwe amafunikira mawonekedwe omvera kapena chosakanizira. Kulumikizana kwa XLR kumakhala koyenera (kuchepetsa kusokoneza) ndipo kumapereka mawu abwinoko, kusinthasintha, komanso mawonekedwe aukadaulo. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito ma mics angapo nthawi imodzi, kukweza ma preamp anu padera, ndikuyang'aniranso mayendedwe anu omvera. Ndiwodziwika mu studio zamaluso, mawu omveka, komanso kuwulutsa. Oyamba: Yambani ndi USB. Akatswiri kapena okonda kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi: Ikani ndalama mu XLR.

Maikolofoni amphamvu amagwiritsa ntchito electromagnetic induction kuti asinthe mawu kukhala ma siginecha amagetsi. Zimakhala zolimba, zimagwira bwino ntchito yothamanga kwambiri, ndipo sizifuna mphamvu zakunja. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zisudzo komanso kujambula zida zokweza.

Ma maikolofoni a condenser amagwiritsa ntchito capacitor (condenser) kuti asinthe mphamvu yamamvekedwe kukhala mphamvu yamagetsi. Amafuna mphamvu ya phantom (nthawi zambiri 48V) ndipo amakhala omvera kwambiri kuposa ma mics osinthika, kuwapangitsa kukhala abwino pojambulira mawu ndi zida zoimbira.

Kuyika koyenera kwa maikolofoni kumapangitsa kuti mawu azimveka bwino: Mtunda: mainchesi 6-12 polankhula, mainchesi 12-24 pakuyimba. Closer = ma bass ambiri (pafupifupi zotsatira), pakamwa pamakhala phokoso. Zowonjezera = zachilengedwe, koma zimanyamula phokoso la chipinda. Ngongole: Pang'ono pang'onopang'ono (kuloza pakamwa panu koma osati mwachindunji) kumachepetsa plosives (P ndi B phokoso) ndi sibilance (S phokoso). Kutalika: Kukhala pakamwa/pamphuno. Pamwamba kapena pansi pakusintha kamvekedwe. Kuchiza m'chipinda: Lembani kutali ndi makoma (mamita atatu) kuti muchepetse kusinkhasinkha. Kuyika pamakona kumawonjezera mabasi. Gwiritsani ntchito makatani, zofunda, kapena thovu kuti muchepetse kuwonekera. Zosefera za Pop: mainchesi 2-3 kuchokera pa mic kuti muchepetse zophulika popanda kukhudza kamvekedwe. Shock Mount: Imachepetsa kugwedezeka kuchokera pa desiki, kiyibodi, kapena pansi. Yesani malo osiyanasiyana mukamayang'anira ndikupeza zomwe zikumveka bwino pamawu anu ndi chilengedwe.

Malo anu ojambulira ndi ofunika monga maikolofoni yanu. Zomveka m'chipinda: - Malo olimba (makhoma, pansi, mazenera) amawonetsa mawu opangitsa mau ndi mawu - Malo ofewa (makapeti, mipando, mabulangete) amamva phokoso - Zoyenera: Kusakanikirana kwa mayamwidwe ndi kufalikira kwa mawu achilengedwe - Vuto: Makoma ofanana amapanga mafunde oyimirira ndikuwuluka momveka bwino Kuwongolera mwachangu: chipinda chocheperako chocheperako 2. makochi, makatani, makapeti, mashelefu a mabuku 3. Yendetsani zofunda zosuntha kapena makatani ochindikala pa makoma 4. Lembani m’chipinda chodzaza ndi zovala (bomba la mawu achilengedwe!) 5. Pangani sefa yowonetsera kuseri kwa maikolofoni pogwiritsa ntchito thovu kapena mabulangete 6. Dziyikeni kutali ndi makoma ofanana (osachepera mapazi 3) Magwero a phokoso kuti athetse: - Kugwiritsa ntchito makompyuta pawokha, kugwiritsa ntchito makompyuta pawokha: kutentha / kutentha: Zimitsani panthawi yojambulira - Firiji kung'ung'udza: Lembani kutali ndi khitchini - Phokoso la magalimoto: Lembani nthawi yabata, mazenera otseka - Chipinda cholumikizira: Onjezani kuyamwa (onani pamwambapa) - Kusokoneza magetsi: Sungani mic kutali ndi ma adapter amphamvu, oyang'anira, magetsi a LED Pro nsonga: Lembani masekondi angapo a chete kuti mugwire "toni ya chipinda" - yothandiza kuti muchepetse phokoso. Mayankho a bajeti amapambana ma mics okwera mtengo m'zipinda zopanda chithandizo!

Njira yoyenera ya maikolofoni imapangitsa kuti mawu anu azimveka bwino kwambiri: Kuwongolera mtunda: - Kulankhula kwanthawi zonse: mainchesi 6-10 - Kuyimba mofewa: mainchesi 8-12 - Kuyimba mokweza: mainchesi 10-16 - Kufuula / kukuwa: mainchesi 12-24 Kugwira ntchito moyandikira: - Yandikirani kuti mumve zambiri za bass / mawu ofunda - Gwiritsani ntchito mtunda wachilengedwe onjezerani mphamvu pakugwira ntchito Kuwongolera plosives (P, B, T kumveka): - Gwiritsani ntchito fyuluta ya pop mainchesi 2-3 kuchokera pa mic - Malo mic pamwamba pang'ono kapena m'mbali mwa kamwa - Tembenuzani mutu wanu pang'ono panthawi ya plosives zolimba - Pangani njira yochepetsera zophulika mwachibadwa Kuchepetsa kumveka (kumveka kowuma kwa S): - Lozani maikolofoni pansi pakamwa panu - yolunjika pang'ono pakamwa - yolunjika pang'ono mawu owala/omveka - Pulagi ya De-esser positi ngati ikufunika Kusasinthasintha: - Lembani mtunda wanu ndi tepi kapena zowonera - Khalani ndi ngodya yofanana ndi malo - Gwiritsani ntchito mahedifoni kuti mudziyang'anire nokha - Gwiritsani ntchito chokweza kuti mupewe kugunda kwaphokoso: - Khalani chete (gwiritsani ntchito chokweza chodzidzimutsa poyenda pang'ono) - Panyimbo: Yandikirani pazigawo zabata, bwererani pa malo opanda phokoso - Osalankhula mtunda waukulu Osalankhula - Kapu kuphimba maikolofoni (kusintha kamvekedwe, kumayambitsa mayankho) - Gwirani thupi, osati pafupi ndi grille - Yogwira m'manja: Gwirani mwamphamvu koma osafinya Phunzirani kumapangitsa kukhala wangwiro - dzilembeni nokha ndikuyesa!

Kuyika koyenera kwa maikolofoni kumakhudza kwambiri khalidwe la mawu. Pamawu: ikani mainchesi 6-12 kuchokera pakamwa panu, otalikirana pang'ono kuti muchepetse zophulika. Pewani kuloza pakamwa panu. Khalani kutali ndi mafani apakompyuta ndi zoziziritsira.

Njira yodziwira ndikukonza zovuta zamawu: Vuto: Kamvekedwe kakang'ono kapena kakang'ono - Kutali kwambiri ndi maikolofoni kapena kumtunda - Kusankhidwa kolakwika kwa polar - Kuwunikira kwachipinda ndi mawu am'munsi - Konzani: Yandikirani, ikani pa axis, onjezani chithandizo chamchipinda Vuto: Phokoso lamatope kapena lamphamvu - Pafupi kwambiri ndi maikolofoni (kuyandikira kwa chipinda - mawonekedwe oyandikira) Konzani: Bwererani pa mainchesi 2-4, chokani kumakona Vuto: Kumveka koopsa kapena kuboola - Kuthamanga kwapamwamba kwambiri (sibilance) - Mic yolozera pakamwa - Maikolofoni yotsika mtengo popanda kuyankha pafupipafupi - Konzani: Angle mic pang'ono kuchoka-axis, gwiritsani ntchito fyuluta ya pop, EQ positi Konzani: Chepetsani kupindula ndikulankhula mokweza, chokani pazida zamagetsi, sinthani mawonekedwe Vuto: Phokoso losamveka - Kuyamwa kwambiri / kunyowetsa - Maikolofoni yatsekeredwa - Maikolofoni yotsika kwambiri - Konzani: Chotsani kunyowa kwambiri, fufuzani maikolofoni, onjezerani zida Vuto: Echo kapena reverb - Chipinda chikuwonekera kwambiri - Kujambula kwazithunzi - Kujambula kwakutali kwambiri - Zosefera zojambulidwa patali kwambiri Vuto: Kusokoneza - Kupeza / kulowetsa mulingo wapamwamba kwambiri (kudula) - Kuyankhula mokweza kwambiri / pafupi kwambiri - Konzani: Chepetsani kupindula, kubweza maikolofoni, lankhulani mofewa Yesani mwadongosolo: Sinthani kusintha kumodzi nthawi imodzi, lembani zitsanzo, yerekezerani zotsatira.

Kupeza masitepe ndi njira yokhazikitsira mulingo woyenera wojambulira pamalo aliwonse pamayendedwe anu omvera kuti mukhalebe abwino komanso kupewa kusokonekera. Cholinga: Lembani mokweza momwe mungathere popanda kudula (kusokoneza). Masitepe kuti apindule bwino masitepe: 1. Yambani ndi kuwongolera / kulowetsa mulingo pamawonekedwe kapena chosakaniza 2. Lankhulani kapena yimbani pamlingo wanu wokweza kwambiri 3. Sinthani kupindula kotero kuti nsonga zigunde -12 mpaka -6 dB (yellow pa mita) 4. Musalole kuti igunde 0 dB (yofiira) - izi zimayambitsa kudulidwa kwa digito (kusokoneza kosatha. Ngati kudula, kuchepetsa phindu. Bwanji osalemba pamlingo waukulu? - Palibe mutu wam'mutu pakaphokoso mwadzidzidzi - Kuwopsa kwa kudulira - Kusasinthika kosintha Bwanji osalemba mwakachetechete kwambiri? - Iyenera kulimbikitsa kusintha, kuwonjezereka kwa phokoso - Chiŵerengero chochepa cha chizindikiro-ku-phokoso - Kutaya chidziwitso champhamvu Mulingo wa chandamale: - Zolankhula/Podcast: -12 mpaka -6 dB pachimake - Nyimbo: -18 mpaka -12 dB pachimake - Nyimbo/Magwero a Phokoso: -6 mpaka -3 dB Peak Monitor yokhala ndi zotsatira zabwino kwambiri za RMS. Nthawi zonse muzichoka pamutu!

Phantom mphamvu ndi njira yoperekera magetsi a DC (nthawi zambiri 48V) kuti ma condenser ma maikolofoni kudzera pa chingwe cha XLR chomwe chimanyamula mawu. Imatchedwa "phantom" chifukwa ndi yosawoneka ndi zida zomwe sizikusowa - ma maikolofoni amphamvu amanyalanyaza mosamala. Chifukwa chake kuli kofunikira: Ma mics a condenser amafunikira mphamvu: - Kulipiritsa mbale za capacitor - Kupatsa mphamvu preamplifier yamkati - Kusunga voteji ya polarization Momwe imagwirira ntchito: 48V imatumizidwa mofanana pansi mapini 2 ndi 3 a chingwe cha XLR, ndi pini 1 (nthaka) monga kubwerera. Mawilo omveka bwino samakhudzidwa chifukwa amasiyana. Kumene imachokera: - Zolumikizira zomvera (zambiri zimakhala ndi batani lamphamvu la 48V) - Zosakaniza - Zida zamagetsi zodzipereka za phantom Zolemba zofunika: - Nthawi zonse yambitsani mphamvu ya phantom MUSANALUMIKIRE maikolofoni ndi kuzimitsa MUSAYANKHULA - Sizidzawononga ma mics osinthika, koma imatha kuwononga maikolofoni - fufuzani musanayatse - Zizindikiro zina za phantom za USB zidapangidwa. mphamvu ndipo samafunikira 48V yakunja Palibe mphamvu ya phantom = palibe phokoso lochokera ku ma condenser mics.

Zitsanzo (zoyesedwa mu Hz kapena kHz) ndi kangati pa sekondi iliyonse mawu amayezedwa. - 44.1 kHz (CD khalidwe): 44,100 zitsanzo pa sekondi. Imajambula ma frequency mpaka 22 kHz (malire akumva kwa anthu). Muyezo wa nyimbo. - 48 kHz (kanema waukadaulo): Muyezo wa kanema, TV, kupanga makanema. - 96 kHz kapena 192 kHz (high-res): Imagwira mafupipafupi a ultrasonic, imapereka mutu wochulukira kuti usinthe. Mafayilo akulu, kusiyana kochepa komveka. Kuzama Kwapang'ono kumatsimikizira kusinthasintha (kusiyana pakati pa phokoso labata ndi laphokoso kwambiri): - 16-bit: 96 dB dynamic range. Ubwino wa CD, zabwino pogawa komaliza. - 24-bit: 144 dB osiyanasiyana. Muyezo wa studio, mutu wambiri wojambulira ndikusintha. Amachepetsa quantization phokoso. - Kuyandama kwa 32-bit: Zosintha zopanda malire, zosatheka kuzidula. Zoyenera kujambula kumunda ndi chitetezo. Pazifukwa zambiri, 48 kHz / 24-bit ndi yabwino. Zokonda zapamwamba zimapanga mafayilo akuluakulu osapindula pang'ono kuti mugwiritse ntchito.