Common audio uye maikorofoni terminology
Zvishandiso uye matekiniki anoshandiswa kudzora maratidziro eruzha uye reverb mukamuri. Inosanganisira kunyudza (furo, mapaneru), diffusion (isina kuenzana nzvimbo), uye bass misungo.
Muenzaniso: Kuisa acoustic panels pakutanga kwekuratidzira kunovandudza kunaka kwekurekodha.
Chishandiso chinoshandura masaini eanalog odhiyo kuita dijitari (uye zvinopesana) nemhando yepamusoro kupfuura makadhi eruzha ekombuta. Inopa mamepu eXLR, phantom simba, uye yakaderera latency.
Muenzaniso: Iyo Focusrite Scarlett 2i2 yakakurumbira 2-chiteshi USB odhiyo interface.
Nzira yekubatanidza odhiyo uchishandisa matatu makondakita (akanaka, asina kunaka, pasi) kuramba kukanganiswa uye ruzha. Inoshandiswa muXLR tambo uye nyanzvi odhiyo.
Muenzaniso: Yakaenzana XLR yekubatanidza inogona kumhanya 100 tsoka pasina chiratidzo chekuora.
Uyewo inonzi nhamba-8 muenzaniso. Inotora ruzha kubva mberi uye kumashure, inoramba kubva kumativi. Inobatsira kubvunzurudza-vanhu vaviri kana kutorwa kwekurira kwekamuri.
Muenzaniso: Isa vatauri vaviri vakatarisana vaine nhamba-8 mic pakati pavo.
Huwandu hwemabhiti anoshandiswa kumiririra imwe neimwe yekuteerera sampuli. Kudzika kwepamusoro kunoreva kusimba kukuru uye ruzha rushoma.
Muenzaniso: 16-bit (CD mhando) kana 24-bit (nyanzvi yekurekodha)
Mufananidzo wakaita sepamoyo unotora ruzha kubva kumberi kwemaikorofoni uku uchiramba ruzha kubva kumashure. Yakawanda yakajairika polar pateni.
Muenzaniso: Cardioid mics yakanakira kupatsanura mutauri mumwe chete munzvimbo ine ruzha.
Kukanganisa kunoitika kana chiratidzo cheodhiyo chichipfuura mwero wepamusoro iyo system inogona kubata.
Muenzaniso: Kutaura nezwi rakanyanya mumaikorofoni kunogona kukonzera kudimbura uye kuvhiringika ruzha
Iyo yekuteerera processor inoderedza simba renji nekudzika pasi zvikamu zvine ruzha, zvichiita kuti huwandu hwese huenderane. Yakakosha kune nyanzvi-inonzwika kurekodha.
Muenzaniso: Shandisa 3: 1 reshiyo compressor kuti kunyange kunze inzwi dynamics.
Mhando yemakrofoni inoshandisa capacitor kushandura ruzha kuita chiratidzo chemagetsi. Inoda simba (phantom), yakanyanya kujeka, iri nani frequency mhinduro. Yakanakira studio vocals uye yakadzama rekodhi.
Muenzaniso: Iyo Neumann U87 inozivikanwa hombe-diaphragm condenser maikorofoni.
Iyo yekuteerera processor inoderedza sibilance nekudzvanya hutsinye hwepamusoro frequencies (4-8 kHz) chete kana yadarika chikumbaridzo.
Muenzaniso: Isa de-esser kudzora manzwi akashata eS mumarekodhi ezwi.
Iyo membrane yakatetepa mumaikorofoni inodedera ichipindura masaisai eruzha. Ma diaphragm makuru (1") anodziya uye anonzwira tsitsi; madiaphragms madiki (<1 ") akanyatsojeka uye akadzama.
Muenzaniso: Makuru-diaphragm condensers anosarudzwa paredhiyo kutepfenyura mazwi.
Mhando yemakrofoni inoshandisa electromagnetic induction (inofambisa coil mumagnetic field). Rugged, hapana simba rinodiwa, rinobata yakakwira SPL. Yakanakira kuita mhenyu uye inonzwika masosi.
Muenzaniso: Iyo Shure SM58 ndiyo indasitiri-yakajairwa inosimba maikorofoni.
Musiyano uripo pakati pemanzwi akanyarara uye ane ruzha maikorofoni inogona kutora pasina kukanganisa.
Muenzaniso: kuyerwa mumadecibel (dB); zvakakwirira zviri nani
Maitiro ekukwirisa kana kuderedza chaiwo frequency renji kuti agadzire tonal hunhu hweodhiyo. High-pass mafirita anobvisa rumble, kucheka kunoderedza matambudziko, kunosimudzira.
Muenzaniso: Isa sefa yepamusoro pa80 Hz kuti ubvise low-frequency rumble kubva pazwi.
Makwiriro eruzha rwakayerwa muHertz (Hz). Low frequencies = bass (20-250 Hz), midrange = body (250 Hz - 4 kHz), high frequencies = treble (4-20 kHz).
Muenzaniso: Izwi rechirume rakakosha mafambiro kubva pa85-180 Hz.
Huwandu hwemafrequency maikorofoni inogona kutora, uye nemazvo sei anoaburitsa.
Muenzaniso: Maikorofoni ine 20Hz-20kHz mhinduro inobata huwandu hwakazara hwekunzwa kwevanhu
Amplification yakaiswa kune maikorofoni chiratidzo. Kuwana kwakakodzera staging inotora odhiyo pamazinga akakwana pasina clipping kana ruzha rwakanyanya.
Muenzaniso: Seta mic yako kuwana kuitira kuti mapikisi arove -12 kusvika -6 dB yeshoko rekutaura.
Huwandu hwenzvimbo pakati peakajairwa mazinga ekurekodha uye 0 dBFS (clipping). Inopa chengetedzo muganho kune isingatarisirwe ruzha ruzha.
Muenzaniso: Kurekodha peaks pa -12 dB inopa 12 dB yeheadroom isati yacheka.
Kuramba kwemagetsi kwemaikorofoni, kuyerwa neohms (Ω). Yakaderera impedance (150-600Ω) inyanzvi chiyero uye inobvumira tambo refu inomhanya pasina chiratidzo chekuora.
Muenzaniso: XLR maikorofoni anoshandisa yakaderera impedance yakaenzana kubatana.
Kunonoka pakati pekuisa ruzha uye kuinzwa mumahedhifoni/maspeakers, akayerwa mumamilliseconds. Kuzasi kuri nani. Pasi pe10ms haioneki.
Muenzaniso: USB mics kazhinji ine 10-30ms latency; XLR ine audio interface inogona kuwana <5ms.
Iyo nhanho yeruzha rwekumashure mune inonzwika chiratidzo kana pasina ruzha rwuri kurekodhwa.
Muenzaniso: Lower noise floor zvinoreva kuchena, kurekodhwa kwakanyarara
Iyo polar pateni inotora ruzha zvakaenzana kubva kumativi ese (360 madhigirii). Inobata ambience yekamuri yechisikigo uye maratidziro.
Muenzaniso: Omnidirectional mics yakanaka kurekodha hurukuro yeboka.
Nzira yekupa simba kucondenser maikorofoni kuburikidza netambo imwechete inotakura odhiyo. Kazhinji 48 volts.
Muenzaniso: Condenser mics inoda phantom simba kuti ishande, dynamic mics haidi
Mhepo inoputika kubva kumakonzonendi (P, B, T) inogadzira kurova kwepasi-frequency mumarekodhi. Yakaderedzwa uchishandisa pop mafirita uye yakakodzera mic maitiro.
Muenzaniso: Izwi rekuti "pop" rine plosive inogona kuremedza mic capsule.
Iyo inotungamira senitivity yemaikorofoni - kwainotora ruzha kubva.
Muenzaniso: Cardioid (yakaumbwa nemoyo), omnidirectional (nzira dzese), mufananidzo-8 (kumberi uye kumashure)
Chidzitiro chakaiswa pakati pemutauri nemakrofoni kuderedza kurira kwekuputika (P, B, T) izvo zvinokonzeresa kuputika kwemhepo nekukanganisa.
Muenzaniso: Isa iyo pop sefa 2-3 inches kubva mic capsule.
Amplifier inosimudzira iyo yakaderera chiratidzo kubva kumaikorofoni kusvika padanho remutsara. Hunhu preamp inowedzera ruzha rushoma uye ruvara.
Muenzaniso: High-end preamps inogona kudhura zviuru asi inopa pachena, yakachena amplification.
Bass frequency boost inoitika kana sosi yekurira iri padyo nemakrofoni inotungamira. Inogona kushandiswa kugadzira kudziya kana kuti inofanira kudziviswa nekuda kwechokwadi.
Muenzaniso: MaRadhiyo DJs anoshandisa proximity effect nekuswedera pedyo nemaikorofoni yezwi rakadzika, rinodziya.
Chimiro chemaikorofoni chinoshandisa ribhoni yesimbi yakatetepa yakaturikwa pane magineti. Inodziya, yakasikwa inzwi rine mufananidzo-8 pateni. Yakaputsika uye inonzwa kumhepo / phantom simba.
Muenzaniso: Ribhoni mics inokosheswa nekuda kweruzha rwavo, rwekare pamazwi nendarira.
Ruzha rweruzha rwakayerwa nemadecibel. Maximum SPL ndiyo ruzha rwakanyanya kurira maikorofoni inogona kubata isati yakanganisa.
Muenzaniso: Kukurukurirana kwakajairika kunosvika makumi matanhatu dB SPL; konzati yerock ndeye 110 dB SPL.
Huwandu hwenguva pasekondi iyo odhiyo inoyerwa uye inochengetwa nedhijitari. Yakayerwa muHertz (Hz) kana kilohertz (kHz).
Muenzaniso: 44.1kHz zvinoreva 44,100 samples pasekondi
Yakawanda sei magetsi anobuda maikorofoni inoburitsa kune yakapihwa kurira kwemazinga. Mamics anonzwisa tsitsi anoburitsa masaini ane ruzha asi anogona kutora ruzha rwemukamuri.
Muenzaniso: Condenser mics inowanzova nepamusoro senitivity pane dynamic mics.
Iyo yekumisikidza sisitimu inobata maikorofoni uye inoitsaura kubva pakudengenyeka, kubata ruzha, uye kukanganiswa kwemuchina.
Muenzaniso: Kukatyamara kunodzivirira kutaipa kwekhibhodi kubva pakutorwa.
Hasha, yakawedzera "S" uye "SH" inonzwika mumarekodhi. Inogona kuderedzwa nekuisa mic, de-esser plugins, kana EQ.
Muenzaniso: Mutsara wekuti "Anotengesa mashell egungwa" unowanzoitika kune sibilance.
Huyero pakati peinodiwa redhiyo siginecha uye yekumashure ruzha pasi, yakayerwa mumadecibel (dB). Hunhu hwepamusoro hunoratidza marekodhi akachena ane ruzha rushoma.
Muenzaniso: A mic ine 80 dB SNR inonzi yakanakira kurekodha.
Yakasimba kutungamira mapatani kupfuura cardioid ine diki kumashure lobe. Ipa zvirinani kurambwa kwedivi rekuparadzanisa masosi eruzha munzvimbo dzine ruzha.
Muenzaniso: Shotgun maikorofoni yefirimu inoshandisa hypercardioid mapatani.
Yekubatanidza odhiyo uchishandisa maviri conductor (chiratidzo uye pasi). Kunyanya kukanganiswa nekukanganiswa. Yakajairika mumagiya evatengi ane 1/4" TS kana 3.5mm tambo.
Muenzaniso: Gitare tambo hadzina kuenzana uye dzinofanirwa kuchengetwa pasi pemamita makumi maviri.
Foam kana kufukidzwa kwemvere kunoderedza ruzha rwemhepo mukurekodha kwekunze. Yakakosha pakurekodha mumunda uye kubvunzurudzwa kwekunze.
Muenzaniso: "Katsi yakafa" ine furry windscreen inogona kuderedza ruzha rwemhepo ne25 dB.
Iyo matatu-pini yakaenzana odhiyo yekubatanidza inoshandiswa muhunyanzvi odhiyo. Inopa kurambwa kweruzha rwepamusoro uye inobvumira tambo refu inomhanya. Yakajairwa kumakrofoni eunyanzvi.
Muenzaniso: XLR tambo dzinoshandisa mapini 1 (pasi), 2 (positive), uye 3 (negative) pakuenzanisa odhiyo.
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