Dzidza Nezve Maikorofoni

Frequency Response: Iyo yakawanda yemafrequency maikorofoni inogona kutora nemazvo. Kunzwa kwevanhu: 20 Hz - 20 kHz. Mazhinji maikorofoni: 50 Hz - 15 kHz inokwana izwi. Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR): Musiyano uripo pakati pezvaunoda odhiyo (chiratidzo) uye ruzha rwekumashure. Zvepamusoro zviri nani. 70 dB yakanaka, 80 dB yakanaka. Sensitivity: Yakawanda sei kuburitsa iyo mic inoburitsa kune yakapihwa ruzha kudzvanywa. High senitivity = yakawedzera kubuda, inotora manzwi akanyarara uye ruzha rwekamuri. Kunzwa kwakaderera = kunoda kuwedzera kuwana, asi kushoma kune ruzha. Maximum SPL (Sound Pressure Level): Iro ruzha rwakanyanya mic inogona kubata isati yakanganisa. 120 dB SPL inobata zvakajairika kutaura / kuimba. 130 dB inodiwa kune zviridzwa zvine ruzha kana kuridza mhere. Impedance: Kuramba kwemagetsi kwema mic. Yakaderera impedance (150-600 ohms) inyanzvi chiyero, inobvumira tambo refu inomhanya. Yakakwira impedance (10k ohms) ndeye tambo pfupi chete. Proximity Effect: Bass inowedzera kana iri padyo necardioid/directional mics. Shandisa "redhiyo izwi" maitiro kana kudzivirira nekuchengetedza chinhambwe. Self-Noise: Iyo yemagetsi ruzha pasi inogadzirwa nemaikorofoni pachayo. Kuzasi kuri nani. Pasi pe15 dBA yakanyarara kwazvo.

A polar pateni inoratidza kuti maikorofoni inotora ruzha kubva kwapi. Cardioid (yakaumbwa nemoyo): Inotora ruzha kubva kumberi, inoramba kubva kumashure. Maitiro akajairika. Yakakura yekuparadzanisa imwe sosi uye kuderedza ruzha rwekamuri. Yakanakira mazwi, podcasting, kutenderera. Omnidirectional (nzira dzese): Inotora ruzha zvakaenzana kubva kumativi ese. Ruzha rwechisikigo, runotora kamuri ambience. Yakanakira mapoka ekurekodha, toni yekamuri, kana nzvimbo dzechisikigo acoustic. Bidirectional/Mufananidzo-8: Inotora kubva kumberi nekumashure, inoramba kubva kumativi. Yakakwana kubvunzurudzo dzevanhu vaviri, kurekodha ruzha uye kuratidza kwayo kwekamuri, kana yepakati-parutivi stereo kurekodha. Supercardioid/Hypercardioid: Yakasimba pikicha kupfuura cardioid ine diki kumashure lobe. Kurambwa kuri nani kweruzha rwekamuri uye kurira kweparutivi. Yakajairika munhepfenyuro uye live ruzha. Kusarudza maitiro akakodzera kunoderedza ruzha rusingadiwi uye kunonatsiridza kunaka kwekurekodha.

Maikorofoni itransducer inoshandura masaisai enzwi (acoustic energy) kuita masaini emagetsi. Paunotaura kana kuita ruzha, mamorekuru emhepo anodedera achigadzira masaisai ekumanikidza. Diaphragm yemaikorofoni inofamba ichipindura shanduko idzi, uye kufamba uku kunoshandurwa kuita chiratidzo chemagetsi chinogona kurekodhwa, kukwidziridzwa, kana kutumirwa. Nheyo yekutanga inoshanda kune ese maikorofoni, kunyangwe nzira yekushandura ichisiyana nerudzi. Kunzwisisa kuti maikorofoni yako inoshanda sei kunokubatsira kuti uwane ruzha rwemhando iri nani.

Maikorofoni mudziyo unoshandura masaisai enzwi kuita zviratidzo zvemagetsi. Inoshanda nekushandisa diaphragm inozunguzika kana masaisai eruzha akairova, uye mavibrations aya anoshandurwa kuita chiratidzo chemagetsi chinogona kukwidziridzwa, kurekodhwa, kana kutapurirwa.

Sample rate ndeye kangani pasekondi audio inoyerwa. Mitemo yakajairika ndeye 44.1kHz (CD quality), 48kHz (video standard), uye 96kHz (high-resolution). Yepamusoro sampuli mareti inotora zvimwe zvakadzama asi gadzira mafaera akakura. Kune akawanda ekushandisa, 48kHz yakanaka.

Dynamic Maikorofoni inoshandisa diaphragm yakasungirirwa kune coil yewaya yakaturikwa mundima yemagineti. Masaisai anonzwika anofambisa diaphragm uye coil, achigadzira magetsi. Dzakakwidibira, hadzidi simba, uye dzinobata ruzha zvakanaka. Yakanakira kuita zvepamoyo, podcasting, uye zvigubhu. Condenser Maikorofoni inoshandisa yakatetepa conductive diaphragm yakaiswa padyo nesimbi yekumashure, ichigadzira capacitor. Mafungu anonzwika anoshandura chinhambwe pakati pemahwendefa, kusiyanisa capacitance uye kugadzira chiratidzo chemagetsi. Vanoda simba rephantom (48V), vane hunyoro, kutora mamwe mashoko, uye akanakira studio vocals, acoustic zviridzwa, uye emhando yepamusoro kurekodha. Sarudza inosimba yekusimba uye ine ruzha masosi, condenser yeruzivo uye yakanyarara masosi.

USB Maikorofoni ine yakavakirwa-mukati analog-to-digital converter uye preamp. Vanodzvanya zvakananga mukombuta yako USB port uye vanobva vangozivikanwa. Yakakwana yepodcasting, kutenderera, vhidhiyo mafoni, uye kurekodha kumba. Iwo ari nyore, anotengeka, uye anotakurika. Nekudaro, ivo vanogumira kune imwe mic pa USB port uye vane kushoma kusimudzira kugona. XLR Maikorofoni inyanzvi analog maikorofoni inoda odhiyo interface kana musanganiswa. Iyo XLR yekubatanidza yakaenzana (inoderedza kupindira) uye inopa zvirinani ruzha rwemhando, kuwedzera kuchinjika, uye hunyanzvi maficha. Iwe unogona kushandisa akawanda mics panguva imwe chete, kukwidziridza preamp yako zvakasiyana, uye kuve nekutonga kwakawanda pamusoro peketani yako yekuteerera. Iwo akajairwa mumasitudhiyo ehunyanzvi, mhenyu ruzha, uye kutepfenyura. Vanotanga: Tanga ne USB. Nyanzvi kana zvakakomba hobbyists: Isai mari muXLR.

Dynamic maikorofoni anoshandisa electromagnetic induction kushandura ruzha kuita masaini emagetsi. Inogara kwenguva refu, inobata mazinga emutsindo wepamusoro zvakanaka, uye haidi simba rekunze. Inowanzo shandiswa pakuita mhenyu uye kurekodha zviridzwa zvine ruzha.

Condenser maikorofoni inoshandisa capacitor (condenser) kushandura acoustic simba kuita simba remagetsi. Vanoda simba rephantom (kazhinji 48V) uye vanonzwa zvakanyanya kupfuura mics inoshanduka, ichiita kuti ive yakanaka kune studio yekurekodha mazwi uye acoustic zviridzwa.

Kuiswa kwemakrofoni kwakaringana kunovandudza ruzha rwemhando: Kureba: 6-12 inches yekutaura, 12-24 inches yekuimba. Closer = more bass (proximity effect), yakawanda muromo inonzwika. Kuwedzera = kwakawanda kwakasikwa, asi kunotora ruzha rwekamuri. Angle: Zvishoma kure-axis (kunongedza pamuromo wako asi kwete zvakananga) inoderedza plosives (P uye B inonzwika) uye sibilance (S inonzwika). Kureba: Nzvimbo pamuromo/mhuno. Pamusoro kana pasi panochinja inzwi. Kurapa kwemukamuri: Rekodha kure nemadziro (mafiti matatu) kuderedza kuratidzwa. Kuiswa kwekona kunowedzera bass. Shandisa maketeni, magumbeze, kana furo kunyorovesa ratidziro. Pop sefa: 2-3 inches kubva mic kudzikisa plosives pasina kukanganisa toni. Shock Mount: Inoderedza vibrations kubva padhesiki, keyboard, kana pasi. Edza nzvimbo dzakasiyana uchitarisa uye uwane zvinonzwika zvakanyanya kune izwi rako uye nharaunda.

Nzvimbo yako yekurekodha inokosha semakrofoni yako. Room acoustics: - Mamiriro akaomarara (madziro, pasi, mahwindo) anoratidza ruzha runokonzera maungira uye reverb - Nzvimbo dzakapfava (maketeni, makapeti, fenicha, magumbeze) inotora ruzha - Yakanaka: Musanganiswa wekunyura uye kupararira kweruzha rwechisikigo - Dambudziko: Midhuri yakafanana inogadzira masaisai akamira uye flutter echo Kukurumidza kuvandudza: diki kamuri rekodhi rekodha 2. masofa, maketeni, machira, masherufu emabhuku 3. Turika magumbeze anofambisa kana maketeni makobvu pamadziro 4. Rekodha muwadhiropu yakazara nembatya (natural sound booth!) 5. Gadzira reflection sefa kuseri kwema mic uchishandisa furo kana magumbeze 6. Zviise kure nemadziro akapetana (mamita angangoita 3) Noise sources kubvisa: - kure shandisa macomputer mafeni kugadzirisa / kupisa: Kudzima panguva yekurekodha - Firiji hum: Rekodha kure nekicheni - Ruzha rwemotokari: Rekodha panguva yakanyarara, kuvhara mahwindo - Kamuri echo: Wedzera kunyura (ona pamusoro) - Kupindira kwemagetsi: Chengetedza mic kubva kune magetsi adapters, monitors, LED lights Pro tip: Rekodha masekondi mashomanana ekunyarara kuti ubate "room tone" yako inobatsira pakuderedza inzwi. Mhinduro dzebhajeti dzinokunda mics dzinodhura mumakamuri asina kurapwa!

Tekinoroji yemakrofoni yakakodzera inonatsiridza ruzha rwako zvinoshamisa: Kudzora kure: -Kutaura kwakajairwa: 6-10 inches - Kuimba kwakapfava: 8-12 inches - Kuimba zvine ruzha: 10-16 inches - Kushevedzera / kuridza mhere: 12-24 inches Kushanda iyo yepedyo mhedzisiro: - Swedera padyo nekuwedzera bass kune yakawedzera bass / kudziya kwezwi - Kudzokera kumashure kune inodziya wedzera simba pakuita Kudzora plosives (P, B, T inonzwika): - Shandisa pop sefa 2-3 inches kubva mic - Nzvimbo mic kumusoro zvishoma kana kudivi remuromo - Shandura musoro wako zvishoma panguva yakaoma plosives - Gadzira nzira yekupfavisa plosives zvakasikwa Kuderedza sibilance (yakaomarara S inonzwika): - Rongedza mic pazasi pemuromo wako - yakananga kumusoro kwemuromo - yakananga kumusoro zvishoma pamuromo wako. manzwi anopenya/anosimbira - De-esser plugin in post kana zvichidiwa Consistency: - Maka chinhambwe chako netepi kana ratidziro yekuona - Chengetedza kona imwechete nenzvimbo - Shandisa mahedhifoni kuti uzvitarise - Shandisa shock mount kudzivirira kubata ruzha Kufamba: - Gara wakanyarara (shandisa shock mount pakufamba kudiki) - Nemimhanzi: Swedera padyo nezvikamu zvakanyarara, dzokera kure nezwi guru - Kapu inonzwika vhara maikorofoni (inoshandura inzwi, inokonzera mhinduro) - Bata nemuviri, kwete pedyo negrille - Yekubata ruoko: Bata zvakasimba asi usasvina Dzidzira inoita kuti zvive zvakakwana - zvinyore uye uedze!

Kuiswa kwemakrofoni kwakaringana kunokanganisa kunaka kwenzwi. Nezwi: chinzvimbo 6-12 inches kubva mumuromo mako, zvishoma kure-axis kuderedza plosives. Dzivisa kunanga pamuromo wako. Ramba kure nemafani emakombuta uye mhepo yekudziya.

Yakarongeka nzira yekuongorora nekugadzirisa nyaya dzeodhiyo: Dambudziko: Mutete kana tinny ruzha - Kure zvakanyanya kubva ku mic kana kure-axis - Yakashata polar pateni yakasarudzwa - Kamuri yekuratidzira uye reverb - Gadzirisa: Swedera padyo, mira pa-axis, wedzera kurapwa kwemukamuri Gadzirisa: Dzokera kure 2-4 inches, simuka kubva kumakona Dambudziko: Hasha kana kuboora inzwi - Yakawandisa yakawandisa frequency (sibilance) - Mic inonongedza zvakananga pamuromo - Yakachipa maikorofoni pasina yakakodzera frequency mhinduro - Gadzirisa: Angle mic zvishoma kubva-axis, shandisa pop filter, EQ in post Dambudziko: Noisy / hissyy frequency - Gaining noise high quality - Gaining noise high quality - Gaining noise floor - Gaining noise high- Gadzirisa: Deredza kuwana uye taura zvinonzwika, simuka kubva pamidziyo yemagetsi, kusimudzira interface Dambudziko: Muffled ruzha - Kunyanya kunyura / kunyorova - Maikorofoni yakavharidzirwa - Yakaderera mhando mic - Gadzirisa: Bvisa yakanyanyisa kunyorova, tarisa mic kuiswa, kusimudzira midziyo Dambudziko: Kukanganisa - Kuwana / kupinza nhanho yakanyanyisa (clipping) - Kutaura zvakanyanya / pedyo zvakanyanya - Gadzirisa: Deredza kuwana, dzosera maikorofoni, taura zvakapfava Muedzo wakarongeka: Shandura shanduko imwe panguva, rekodha sampuli, enzanisa mhinduro.

Gain staging ndiyo nzira yekuisa iyo chaiyo yekurekodha nhanho pane imwe neimwe nzvimbo mune yako yekuteerera keteni kuchengetedza mhando uye kudzivirira kukanganisa. Chinangwa: Rekodha zvinonzwika sezvinobvira pasina kuchekerera (kukanganisa). Matanho ekuti awane staging yakafanira: 1. Tanga ne gain/input level control on interface or mixer 2. Taura kana kuimba pane yako yakajairika loudest level 3. Rongedza kuwana so peaks hit -12 to -6 dB (yellow on meters) 4. Usambofa wakairega ichirova 0 dB (red) - izvi zvinokonzera digital clipping (permanent distortion. Kana uchicheka, kuderedza kuwedzera. Wadii kurekodha zvakanyanya? - Hapana headroom yenguva isingatarisirwi inonzwika - Ngozi yekuchekeresa - Kusanyanya kuchinjika mukugadzirisa Wadii kurekodha zvakanyanya kunyarara? - Inofanirwa kusimbaradza mukugadzirisa, kuwedzera ruzha pasi - Yakashata chiratidzo-ku-ruzha reshiyo - Inorasikirwa neruzivo rwekuchinja Matanho etariro: - Kutaura/Podcast: -12 kusvika -6 dB peak - Manzwi: -18 kusvika -12 dB peak - Mimhanzi/Manzwi ane ruzha: -6 kusvika -3 dB peak Monitor ine mamita epamusoro uye RMS mhinduro. Gara uchisiya headroom!

Phantom simba inzira yekupa DC voltage (kazhinji 48V) kucondenser maikorofoni kuburikidza neiyo yakafanana XLR tambo inotakura odhiyo. Inonzi "phantom" nekuti haionekwe nemidziyo isingaide - maikorofoni ane simba anoifuratira zvakachengeteka. Sei ichidikanwa: Condenser mics inoda simba re: - Kuchaja ma capacitor plates - Kugonesa iyo yemukati preamplifier - Kuchengetedza polarization voltage Mashandiro ayo: 48V inotumirwa zvakaenzana pasi pini 2 ne3 yeXLR tambo, ine pini 1 (pasi) sekudzoka. Masaini ekuteerera ane mwero haabatike nekuti anosiyana. Kwainobva: - Audio interfaces (vazhinji vane 48V phantom simba bhatani) - Kusanganisa consoles - Yakatsaurirwa phantom magetsi emagetsi Akakosha manotsi: - Gara uchitenderedza simba rephantom pa USASINA kubatanidza mic uye kudzima USATI wadimburwa - Hazvizokuvadza mics, asi inogona kukuvadza ribhoni mics - tarisa usati wagonesa - USB phantom chiratidzo chemagetsi chavakwa simba uye hazvidi zvekunze 48V Hapana phantom simba = hapana ruzha kubva kucondenser mics.

Sample Rate (yakayerwa muHz kana kHz) ndeyekuti kangani pasekondi iyo odhiyo inoyerwa. - 44.1 kHz (CD quality): 44,100 samples pasekondi. Inobata mafrequency anosvika 22 kHz (muganho wekunzwa kwevanhu). Chimiro chemimhanzi. - 48 kHz (nyanzvi vhidhiyo): Yakajairwa yefirimu, TV, kugadzirwa kwevhidhiyo. - 96 kHz kana 192 kHz (yakakwirira-res): Inobata ultrasonic frequencies, inopa mamwe headroom ekugadzirisa. Mafaera akakura, musiyano mudiki unonzwika. Bit Depth inosarudza dynamic range (musiyano pakati pemanzwi akanyarara uye ane ruzha zvakanyanya): - 16-bit: 96 dB dynamic range. CD mhando, yakanaka kugovera kwekupedzisira. - 24-bit: 144 dB ine simba renji. Studio standard, yakawanda headroom yekurekodha uye kugadzirisa. Inoderedza quantization ruzha. - 32-bit float: Anenge asina muganho ane simba renji, hazvigoneke kukopa. Ideal for field recording uye kuchengeteka. Nezvinangwa zvakawanda, 48 kHz / 24-bit yakanaka. Zvigadziriso zvepamusoro zvinogadzira mafaera akakura ane bhenefiti shoma yekushandisa yakajairika.