Isigama esiqhelekileyo somsindo kunye nemakrofoni
Izixhobo kunye nobuchule obusetyenziselwa ukulawula ukubonakaliswa kwesandi kunye nesenzi kwigumbi. Kubandakanya ukufunxa (igwebu, iipaneli), ukusasazwa (indawo engalinganiyo), kunye ne-bass trap.
Umzekelo: Ukubeka iiphaneli ze-acoustic kwiindawo zokuqala zokubonisa kuphucula umgangatho wokurekhoda.
Isixhobo esiguqula imiqondiso ye-analog yomsindo ukuya kwidijithali (kunye nangenye indlela) enomgangatho ophezulu kunamakhadi esandi sekhompyutha. Ibonelela ngegalelo le-XLR, amandla e-phantom, kunye ne-latency ephantsi.
Umzekelo: I-Focusrite Scarlett 2i2 yi-interface ye-USB ethandwayo ye-2-channel.
Indlela yoqhagamshelo lwe-audio usebenzisa izikhondatha ezintathu (ezilungileyo, ezimbi, ezisemhlabeni) ukwala uphazamiseko kunye nengxolo. Isetyenziswa kwiintambo ze-XLR kunye nesandi sobuchule.
Umzekelo: Udibaniso lwe-XLR olulungelelanisiweyo lunokuqhuba iinyawo ze-100 ngaphandle kokuthotywa komqondiso.
Ikwabizwa ngokuba yipatheni ye-figure-8. Ithatha isandi ukusuka ngaphambili nangasemva, iyala ukusuka kumacala. Iluncedo kudliwano-ndlebe lwabantu ababini okanye ukubamba isandi segumbi.
Umzekelo: Beka izithethi ezibini zijongane kunye nomfanekiso-8 imakrofoni phakathi kwazo.
Inani lamasuntswana asetyenzisiweyo ukumela isampulu ye-audio nganye. Ubunzulu bebit obuphezulu buthetha uluhlu olukhulu oluguquguqukayo kunye nengxolo encinci.
Umzekelo: I-16-bit (umgangatho we-CD) okanye i-24-bit (ukurekhoda kobugcisa)
Ipateni emile okwentliziyo ethatha isandi ngaphambili kwimakrofoni ngelixa isala isandi esisuka ngasemva. Ipateni eqhelekileyo yepolar.
Umzekelo: I-Cardioid mics ilungele ukwahlula isithethi esinye kwindawo enengxolo.
Ukuphazamiseka okwenzekayo xa isignali ye-audio idlula inqanaba eliphezulu lenkqubo inokusingatha.
Umzekelo: Ukuthethela phezulu kakhulu kwi-mic kunokubangela ukunqunyulwa kunye nesandi esigqwethekileyo
Iprosesa yeaudio enciphisa uluhlu oluguquguqukayo ngokwehlisa iinxalenye eziphezulu, isenza inqanaba lilonke lihambelane ngakumbi. Ibalulekile kurekhodisho lwezandi zobuchwephesha.
Umzekelo: Sebenzisa icompressor yomlinganiselo we-3:1 ukuze uphumeze amandla elizwi.
Uhlobo lwe-microphone usebenzisa i-capacitor ukuguqula isandi kwisignali yombane. Ifuna amandla (i-phantom), ubuthathaka ngakumbi, impendulo engcono yefrikhwensi. Ifanelekile kwi-studio vocals kunye nokurekhoda okuneenkcukacha.
Umzekelo: I-Neumann U87 yimakrofoni edumileyo ye-diaphragm condenser.
Iprosesa yeaudio eyehlisa i-sibilance ngokucinezela iifrikhwensi eziphezulu ezirhabaxa (4-8 kHz) kuphela xa zigqithile kumda.
Umzekelo: Faka i-de-esser ukuze wehlise izandi ezirhabaxa zika-S kwiirekhodi zelizwi.
Inwebu ebhityileyo ekwimicrophone engcangcazelayo xa isabela kumaza esandi. Iidiaphragm ezinkulu (1") zishushu kwaye zinovakalelo; iidiaphragm ezincinci (<1") zichaneke ngakumbi kwaye zineenkcukacha.
Umzekelo: Iicondenser ezine-diaphragm ezinkulu zikhethwa kumazwi osasazo lukanomathotholo.
Uhlobo lwe-microphone usebenzisa i-electromagnetic induction (i-coil ehambayo kwindawo yamagnetic). I-Rugged, akukho mandla afunekayo, iphatha i-SPL ephezulu. Inkulu ekusebenzeni okuphilayo kunye nemithombo ephezulu.
Umzekelo: I-Shure SM58 yimakrofoni yelizwi eliguquguqukayo elikumgangatho weshishini.
Umahluko phakathi kwesandi esithuleyo nesingxolayo i-microphone inokubamba ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka.
Umzekelo: Kulinganiswa ngeedecibels (dB); phezulu kungcono
Inkqubo yokunyusa okanye ukunciphisa uluhlu oluthile lokuphindaphinda ukubumba unobumba wethoni yomsindo. Izihluzi ze-high-pass zisusa i-rumble, ukusikwa kunciphisa iingxaki, ukonyusa kuyaphucuka.
Umzekelo: Faka isihluzo esikwi-high-pass kwi-80 Hz ukususa i-low-frequency rumble kwi-vocals.
Isandi sesandi esilinganiswe kwiHertz (Hz). Iifrikhwensi eziphantsi = i-bass (20-250 Hz), i-midrange = umzimba (250 Hz - 4 kHz), i-frequencies ephezulu = i-treble (4-20 kHz).
Umzekelo: Iifrikhwensi zelizwi lendoda ziqala kwi-85-180 Hz.
Uluhlu lwee-frequencies i-microphone inokubamba, kunye nendlela echanekileyo ngayo ukuba ivelise kwakhona.
Umzekelo: Imakrofoni ene-20Hz-20kHz impendulo ibamba uluhlu olupheleleyo lokuva komntu
Ulwandiso lusetyenziswa kwisandisi semakrofoni. Umgangatho wokuzuza ngokufanelekileyo ubamba iaudio kumanqanaba afanelekileyo ngaphandle kokukliphu okanye ingxolo egqithisileyo.
Umzekelo: Cwangcisa inzuzo yakho yemakrofoni ukuze incopho ibethe -12 ukuya -6 dB yelizwi elithethiweyo.
Ubungakanani besithuba phakathi kwamanqanaba akho okurekhoda aqhelekileyo kunye ne-0 dBFS (ukucofa). Ibonelela ngomda wokhuseleko kwizandi eziphezulu ezingalindelekanga.
Umzekelo: Ukurekhoda iincopho kwi -12 dB ibonelela nge-12 dB ye-headroom ngaphambi kokunqunyulwa.
Ukuxhathisa kombane kwe-microphone, kulinganiswa ngee-ohms (Ω). I-impedance ephantsi (150-600Ω) ngumgangatho wobugcisa kwaye ivumela ukuba ikhebula elide libaleke ngaphandle kokuthotywa komqondiso.
Umzekelo: Iimakrofoni ze-XLR zisebenzisa uqhagamshelo oluphantsi lwe-impedance.
Ukulibaziseka phakathi kokufakwa kwesandi kunye nokukuva kwii-headphones / izithethi, ezilinganiswe kwii-milliseconds. Okusezantsi kungcono. Ngaphantsi kwe-10ms ayibonakali.
Umzekelo: Iimics ze-USB zihlala zine-10-30ms latency; I-XLR ene-audio interface inokufezekisa <5ms.
Inqanaba lengxolo yangasemva kwisignali ye-audio xa kungekho sandi sirekhodiweyo.
Umzekelo: Umgangatho wengxolo osezantsi uthetha urekhodisho olucocekileyo, oluthuleyo
Ipateni yepolar ethatha isandi ngokulinganayo kuwo onke amacala (360 degrees). Ibamba i-ambience yegumbi lendalo kunye nembonakalo.
Umzekelo: Ii-mics ze-Omnidirectional zilungile ukurekhoda ingxoxo yeqela.
Indlela yokubonelela ngamandla kwi-microphone ye-condenser ngentambo efanayo ephethe i-audio. Ngokuqhelekileyo 48 volts.
Umzekelo: I-Condenser mics idinga amandla e-phantom ukuze isebenze, ii-mics ezinamandla azifuni
Ukugqabhuka komoya ovela kwiiconsonants (P, B, T) eyenza i-low-frequency thump ekurekhodweni. Kucuthwe kusetyenziswa izihluzi zepop kunye nobuchule obufanelekileyo bemic.
Umzekelo: Igama elithi "pop" liqulethe iplosive enokulayisha ngaphezulu i-mic capsule.
Uvakalelo lwecala lombhobho - apho ithatha khona isandi.
Umzekelo: I-Cardioid (isimo sentliziyo), i-omnidirectional (zonke izikhokelo), umfanekiso-8 (ngaphambili nangasemva)
Isikrini esibekwe phakathi kwesithethi kunye ne-microphone ukunciphisa izandi eziqhumayo (P, B, T) ezibangela ukugqabhuka komoya ngesiquphe kunye nokugqwetheka.
Umzekelo: Beka isihluzo se-pop 2-3 intshi ukusuka kwi-capsule ye-mic.
I-amplifier ephakamisa isignali ephantsi kakhulu ukusuka kwimakrofoni ukuya kwinqanaba lomgca. Iipreamps zomgangatho zongeza ingxolo encinci kunye nombala.
Umzekelo: Iipreamp ezikumgangatho ophezulu zinokubiza amawaka kodwa zibonelele ngolwandiso olucacileyo, olucocekileyo.
I-Bass frequency boost eyenzeka xa umthombo wesandi usondele kakhulu kwi-microphone yecala. Ingasetyenziselwa ukuyila ukufudumala okanye kufuneka igwenywe ukuchaneka.
Umzekelo: Oo-DJ bakanomathotholo basebenzisa i-proximity effect ngokusondela kwi-mic ngelizwi elinzulu nelishushu.
Uhlobo lwemakrofoni esebenzisa iribhoni yentsimbi ecekethekileyo exhonywe kumhlaba wemagnethi. Ukufudumala, isandi sendalo kunye nomfanekiso-8 iphethini. Ubuthathaka kwaye ubuthathaka kumandla omoya/aphantom.
Umzekelo: Iribhoni mics zixatyiswe ngenxa yesandi sazo esigudileyo, sakudala kwilizwi kunye nobhedu.
Isandi sesandi esilinganiswa ngeedecibels. Ubuninzi be-SPL sesona sandi singxolayo imakrofoni enokusiphatha phambi kokuba igqwetheke.
Umzekelo: Incoko eqhelekileyo imalunga ne-60 dB SPL; ikonsathi yerock yi-110 dB SPL.
Inani lamaxesha ngesekhondi apho i-audio ilinganiswa kwaye igcinwe ngedijithali. Ikalwa kwiHertz (Hz) okanye ikilohertz (kHz).
Umzekelo: I-44.1kHz ithetha iisampulu ezingama-44,100 ngesekhondi
Ingakanani imveliso yombane eveliswa ngumakrofoni kwinqanaba elinikiweyo loxinzelelo lwesandi. Iimakrofoni ezinovakalelo ngakumbi zivelisa imiqondiso ephezulu kodwa zinokubamba ingxolo yegumbi.
Umzekelo: Iimics zecondenser zikholisa ukuba novakalelo oluphezulu kunemics eguqukayo.
Inkqubo yokunqunyanyiswa ebambe imakrofoni kwaye ihlukanise ukungcangcazela, ukuphatha ingxolo, kunye nokuphazamiseka koomatshini.
Umzekelo: Ukonyusa umothuko kuthintela izandi zokuchwetheza kwibhodi yezitshixo ekubeni zicholwe.
Izandi ezirhabaxa, ezibaxiweyo ezithi "S" kunye "SH" kwiirekhodisho. Inokuncitshiswa ngokubeka imakrofoni, iiplagi ze-de-esser, okanye i-EQ.
Umzekelo: Isivakalisi esithi "Uthengisa oonokrwece" sithande ukufana.
Umlinganiselo phakathi komqondiso wesandi ofunekayo kunye nomgangatho wengxolo ongasemva, olinganiswa ngeedecibels (dB). Amaxabiso aphezulu abonisa ushicilelo olucocekileyo olunengxolo encinci.
Umzekelo: Imakrofoni ene-80 dB SNR ithathwa njengegqwesileyo ekurekhodweni kobuchwephesha.
Iipateni zolwalathiso eziqinileyo kune-cardioid ene-lobe encinci yangasemva. Ukubonelela ngokuchaswa kwecala elingcono lokwahlula imithombo yesandi kwindawo enengxolo.
Umzekelo: Iimakrofoni zeShotgun zefilimu zisebenzisa iipateni zehypercardioid.
Uqhagamshelo lwe-audio usebenzisa ii-conductor ezimbini (umqondiso kunye nomhlaba). Kusesichengeni ngakumbi kuphazamiseko. Ixhaphakile kwigiya yabathengi ene-1/4" TS okanye i-3.5mm iintambo.
Umzekelo: Iintambo zikagitare azilingani kwaye kufuneka zigcinwe ngaphantsi kweenyawo ezingama-20.
Isigqubuthelo sogwebu okanye uboya esinciphisa ingxolo yomoya ekurekhodweni kwangaphandle. Ibalulekile ekurekhodweni kwentsimi kunye nodliwano-ndlebe lwangaphandle.
Umzekelo: "Ikati efileyo" isikrini somoya esinoboya sinokuyinciphisa ingxolo yomoya ngama-25 dB.
Isidibanisi somsindo esinezikhonkwane ezintathu esisetyenziswa kwiaudio yobuchwephesha. Ibonelela ngokuchaswa kwengxolo ephezulu kwaye ivumela ukubaleka kweentambo ezinde. Umgangatho wemibhobho yobungcali.
Umzekelo: Iintambo ze-XLR zisebenzisa izikhonkwane ze-1 (umhlaba), i-2 (enhle), kunye ne-3 (negative) yomsindo olinganiselayo.
© 2025 Microphone Test yenziwe ngu nadermx