Funda Ngemakrofoni

Ukuphendula rhoqo: Uluhlu lweefrikhwensi i-microphone inokubamba ngokuchanekileyo. Ukuva kwabantu: 20 Hz - 20 kHz. Uninzi lweemakrofoni: 50 Hz - 15 kHz yanele ilizwi. Ubungakanani beSignali-kwiNgxolo (SNR): Umahluko phakathi komsindo owufunayo (umqondiso) kunye nengxolo yangasemva. Okuphezulu kungcono. I-70 dB ilungile, i-80 dB igqwesile. Uvakalelo: Ingakanani imveliso eveliswa yimakrofoni kuxinzelelo lwesandi olunikiweyo. Uvakalelo oluphezulu = imveliso ephezulu, iphakamisa izandi ezizolileyo kunye nengxolo yegumbi. Uvakalelo oluphantsi = lufuna inzuzo ethe chatha, kodwa lungabinochuku kwingxolo. Ubuninzi be-SPL (iNqanaba loxinzelelo lweSandi): Esona sandi singxolayo imakrofoni inokusingatha phambi kokuba igqwethe. I-120 dB SPL iphatha intetho eqhelekileyo/ukucula. I-130 dB efunekayo kwizixhobo ezingxolayo okanye ukukhala. I-impedance: Ukunganyangeki kombane kwimic. I-impedance ephantsi (i-150-600 ohms) ngumgangatho wobugcisa, ivumela ukubaleka kwekhebula elide. I-impedance ephezulu (10k ohms) yeyeentambo ezimfutshane kuphela. Impembelelo yokusondela: Ukunyusa i-Bass xa ikufutshane kwi-cardioid/directional mics. Sebenzisa "ilizwi lerediyo" okanye uthintele ngokugcina umgama. I-Self-Noise: Umgangatho wengxolo yombane oveliswa yi-microphone ngokwayo. Okusezantsi kungcono. Ngaphantsi kwe-15 dBA izolile kakhulu.

Ipateni yepolar ibonisa ukuba i-microphone ithatha isandi ukusuka kweliphi icala. I-Cardioid (emilise intliziyo): Ichola isandi ukusuka ngaphambili, iyala ukusuka ngasemva. Ipateni eqhelekileyo. Ilungele ukwahlula umthombo omnye kunye nokunciphisa ingxolo yegumbi. Ilungele amazwi, ipodcasting, ustrimisho. I-Omnidirectional (amacala onke): Ichola isandi ngokulinganayo kuwo onke amacala. Isandi sendalo, sibamba ubume begumbi. Ilungele amaqela okurekhoda, ithoni yegumbi, okanye izithuba zendalo ezivakalayo. I-Bidirectional/Figure-8: Ithatha ukusuka ngaphambili nangasemva, iyala ukusuka kumacala. Ifanelekile kudliwano-ndlebe lwabantu ababini, ukurekhoda isandi kunye nomboniso wegumbi, okanye ukurekhoda kwe-stereo ephakathi. I-Supercardioid/I-Hypercardioid: I-pickup eqinile kune-cardioid ene-lobe encinci yangasemva. Ukukhatywa ngcono kwengxolo yegumbi kunye nezandi ezisecaleni. Okuqhelekileyo kusasazo kunye nesandi esiphilayo. Ukukhetha ipateni efanelekileyo kunciphisa ingxolo engafunwayo kwaye kuphucula umgangatho wokurekhoda.

I-microphone si-transducer eguqula amaza esandi (amandla acoustic) abe yimiqondiso yombane. Xa uthetha okanye usenza isandi, iimolekyuli zomoya ziyangcangcazela zenza amaza oxinzelelo. I-diaphragm ye-microphone ihamba ngokuphendula kolu tshintsho loxinzelelo, kwaye le ntshukumo iguqulwa ibe ngumqondiso wombane onokurekhodwa, ukhuliswe, okanye udluliselwe. Umgaqo osisiseko usebenza kuzo zonke ii-microphone, nangona indlela yokuguqula iyahluka ngokohlobo. Ukuqonda indlela esebenza ngayo imakrofoni yakho kukunceda ufumane umgangatho wesandi ongcono.

I-microphone sisixhobo esiguqula amaza esandi abe yimiqondiso yombane. Isebenza ngokusebenzisa i-diaphragm eshukumayo xa amaza esandi ebetha kuyo, kwaye ezi ntshukumo ziguqulwa zibe ngumqondiso wombane onokunyuswa, urekhodwe, okanye udluliselwe.

Ireyithi yesampulu kukuba mangaphi amaxesha ngesekondi yomsindo ilinganiswa. Amaxabiso aqhelekileyo angama-44.1kHz (umgangatho weCD), 48kHz (umgangatho wevidiyo), kunye ne-96kHz (isisombululo esiphezulu). Iireyithi zesampulu eziphezulu zibamba iinkcukacha ezingaphezulu kodwa zenze iifayile ezinkulu. Ukusetyenziswa okuninzi, i-48kHz igqwesile.

IMibhobho yeMibhobho yeDynamic isebenzisa idiaphragm encanyathiselwe kwikhoyili yocingo oluxhonywe kumhlaba wemagnethi. Amaza omsindo ashukumisa i-diaphragm kunye nekhoyili, evelisa umsinga wombane. Ziqinile, azifuni mandla, kwaye zibamba izandi eziphezulu kakuhle. Ilungele imiboniso ephilayo, ipodcasting, kunye namagubu. Iimakrofoni zeCondenser zisebenzisa i-diaphragm encinci ye-conductive ebekwe kufutshane ne-backplate yentsimbi, yenze i-capacitor. Amaza omsindo atshintsha umgama phakathi kwamacwecwe, i-capacitance eyahlukileyo kunye nokudala umqondiso wombane. Bafuna amandla e-phantom (48V), banovakalelo ngakumbi, babambe iinkcukacha ezithe kratya, kwaye bafanelekele amazwi estudio, izixhobo ze-acoustic, kunye nokurekhoda okukumgangatho ophezulu. Khetha okuguquguqukayo kokuqina kunye nemithombo ephezulu, i-condenser yeenkcukacha kunye nemithombo ezolileyo.

IiMikrofoni ze-USB zine-analog-to-digital converter eyakhelwe-ngaphakathi kunye ne-preamp. Ziplaga ngqo kwizibuko le-USB lekhompyuter yakho kwaye zibonwa kwangoko. Ifanelekile kwipodcasting, ukusasaza, iifowuni zevidiyo, kunye nokurekhoda ekhaya. Zilula, ziyafikeleleka, kwaye ziyaphatheka. Nangona kunjalo, banqunyelwe kwi-mic enye kwizibuko le-USB kwaye banakho ukuphuculwa okuncinci. Iimakrofoni ze-XLR ziimakrofoni ze-analog zobuchwephesha ezifuna i-audio interface okanye umxubi. Uxhulumaniso lwe-XLR lulungelelene (ukunciphisa ukuphazamiseka) kwaye lubonelela ngomgangatho ongcono wesandi, ukuguquguquka ngakumbi, kunye neempawu zobungcali. Ungasebenzisa ii-mics ezininzi ngaxeshanye, uphucule iipreamp zakho ngokwahlukeneyo, kwaye ube nolawulo ngakumbi kwikhonkco lakho lomsindo. Zisemgangathweni kwizitudiyo zobuchwephesha, isandi esiphilayo, kunye nosasazo. Abaqalayo: Qala nge-USB. Iingcali okanye abantu abanomdla wokuzilibazisa: Tyala imali kwi-XLR.

Iimakrofoni ezinamandla zisebenzisa i-electromagnetic induction ukuguqula isandi sibe ziimpawu zombane. Zihlala ixesha elide, ziphethe amanqanaba aphezulu oxinzelelo lwesandi kakuhle, kwaye azifuni amandla angaphandle. Ngokuqhelekileyo isetyenziselwa ukwenza izinto eziphilayo kunye nokurekhoda izixhobo eziphezulu.

Ii-microphone ze-Condenser zisebenzisa i-capacitor (i-condenser) ukuguqula amandla omsindo kumandla ombane. Bafuna amandla e-phantom (ngokuqhelekileyo i-48V) kwaye banovakalelo ngakumbi kune-mics eguqukayo, ebenza ukuba bafanelekele ukurekhodwa kwelizwi kunye nezixhobo ze-acoustic.

Ukubekwa ngokufanelekileyo kwemakrofoni kuphucula umgangatho wesandi: Umgama: 6-12 intshi yokuthetha, i-12-24 intshi yokucula. Ngokusondeleyo = i-bass engaphezulu (impembelelo esondeleyo), izandi zomlomo ezininzi. Ukuqhubela phambili = indalo, kodwa ithatha ingxolo yegumbi. I-engile: I-off-axis kancinane (ukhomba emlonyeni wakho kodwa kungekhona ngokuthe ngqo) kunciphisa iziqhushumbisi (izandi ze-P kunye no-B) kunye ne-sibilance (izandi ze-S). Ubude: Isikhundla emlonyeni/empumlweni. Ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi utshintsha ithoni. Unyango lwegumbi: Rekhoda kude neendonga (iinyawo ezi-3) ukunciphisa ukubonakaliswa. Ukubekwa kweekona kwandisa i-bass. Sebenzisa amakhethini, iingubo, okanye igwebu ukudambisa imbonakalo. Isihluzi sePop: 2-3 intshi ukusuka kwimic ukunciphisa iiplosives ngaphandle kokuchaphazela ithoni. Ukunyuka okothusayo: Yehlisa ukungcangcazela ukusuka edesikeni, kwikhibhodi, okanye emgangathweni. Vavanya izikhundla ezahlukeneyo ngelixa ubeka iliso kwaye ufumane esona sandi silungileyo kwilizwi lakho kunye nokusingqongileyo.

Indawo yakho yokurekhoda ibalulekile njengemakrofoni yakho. I-acoustics yegumbi: - Imiphezulu eqinile (izindonga, imigangatho, iifestile) ibonisa isandi esibangela i-echo kunye nesendi - Imiphezulu ethambileyo (amakhethini, iikhaphethi, ifenitshala, iingubo) ifunxa isandi - Ilungile: Umxube wokufunxa kunye nokusasazwa kwesandi sendalo - Ingxaki: Iindonga ezihambelanayo zenza amaza amileyo kunye ne-flutter echo Uphuculo olukhawulezayo: I-1. iibhedi, iikhethini, iiragi, iishelufu zeencwadi 3. Zixhome iingubo ezishukumayo okanye iikhethini ezingqindilili ezindongeni 4. Rekhoda kwigunjana elizele ziimpahla (indawo yesandi sendalo yendalo!) 5. Yenza isihluzo sokubonisa emva kwemakrofoni usebenzisa igwebu okanye iingubo 6. Zibeke kude neendonga ezinxuseneyo (ubuncinane buziimitha ezi-3) Imithombo yengxolo ukuze uphelise: - Sebenzisa ikhompyutha epholileyo, iifeni zomoya: ukulungiswa / ukufudumeza: Vala ngexesha lokurekhoda - Isiqandisi hum: Rekhoda kude nekhitshi - Ingxolo yethrafikhi: Rekhoda ngexesha leeyure ezithuleyo, vala iifestile - I-echo yegumbi: Yongeza i-absorption (jonga ngasentla) - Ukuphazamiseka kombane: Gcina i-mic kude ne-adapters zamandla, iimonitha, izibane ze-LED Ingcebiso ye-Pro: Rekhoda imizuzwana embalwa yokuthula ukuze ubambe "ithoni yokunciphisa igumbi" - luncedo ekunciphiseni i-noise. Izisombululo zohlahlo lwabiwo-mali zibetha ii-mics ezibizayo kumagumbi angaphathwanga!

Indlela efanelekileyo yemakrofoni iphucula isandi sakho ngokumangalisayo: Ulawulo lomgama: - Intetho eqhelekileyo: 6-10 intshi - Ukucula okuthambileyo: 8-12 intshi - Ukucula ngokuvakalayo: 10-16 intshi - Ukukhwaza / ukukhwaza: i-intshi ze-12-24 Ukusebenza umphumo osondeleyo: - Sondela ngakumbi kwi-bass engaphezulu kwi-bass kwi-radio engaphezulu ukuya kwi-warm yemvelo Yongeza amandla ekusebenzeni Ukulawula iziqhushumbisi (P, B, T izandi): -Sebenzisa isihluzo se-pop 2-3 intshi ukusuka kwi-mic - Beka imakrofoni ngaphezulu kancinane okanye ecaleni komlomo - Jika intloko yakho kancinci ngexesha leeplosives eziqinileyo - Phuhlisa ubuchule bokuthambisa iziqhushumbisi ngokwendalo Ukunciphisa ukulingana (izandi ze-S ezirhabaxa): - Khomba imakrofoni ezantsi kumbindi wakho - beka imakrofoni ezantsi emlonyeni wakho - ujonge phezulu kancinci emlonyeni wakho amazwi aqaqambileyo/esibilant - iplagin ye-De-esser kwisithuba ukuba iyafuneka Ukuhambelana: - Phawula umgama wakho ngeteyiphu okanye ireferensi ebonakalayo - Gcina i-angle efanayo kunye nesikhundla - Sebenzisa i-headphones ukuze uzibeke iliso - Sebenzisa i-headset ukuze uthintele ukuphatha ingxolo Intshukumo: - Hlala ngokufanelekileyo (sebenzisa i-shock mount kwiintshukumo ezincinci) - Kumculo: Sondela kufutshane kwiindawo ezithuleyo, ubuyele kwindawo ethe cwaka - Ugxininise kwindawo ethuleyo vala i-microphone (ukutshintsha ithoni, kubangela impendulo) - Bamba ngomzimba, kungekhona kufuphi negrille - Kubamba ngesandla: Bamba ngokuqinileyo kodwa ungacinezeli Ukuziqhelanisa kwenza ukuba kugqibelele - zirekhodishe kwaye ulinge!

Ukubekwa ngokufanelekileyo kwemakrofoni kuchaphazela kakhulu umgangatho wesandi. Ngelizwi: beka i-intshi ezi-6-12 ukusuka emlonyeni wakho, ngaphandle kwe-axis ukunciphisa iziqhushumbisi. Kuphephe ukukhomba ngqo emlonyeni wakho. Zigcine kude neefeni zekhompyuter kunye ne-air conditioning.

Indlela ecwangcisiweyo yokuxilonga kunye nokulungisa imiba ye-audio: Ingxaki: Isandi esincinci okanye esincinci - Ikude kakhulu kwi-mic okanye i-off-axis - Ipateni ye-polar engalunganga ikhethiweyo - Umboniso wegumbi kunye nesendi - Lungisa: Sondela kufutshane, beka kwi-axis, yongeza unyango lwegumbi. Lungisa: Buyela emva kwee-intshi ze-2-4, susa kude kwiikona Ingxaki: Isandi esibuhlungu okanye sokubhoboza - I-frequency ephezulu kakhulu (i-sibilance) - I-Mic ibhekise ngqo emlonyeni - I-microphone exabiso eliphantsi ngaphandle kwempendulo ye-frequency efanelekileyo - Lungisa: I-Angle mic i-off-axis encinci, sebenzisa i-pop filter, i-EQ kwisithuba Ingxaki: Ingxolo / i-hissy yokurekhoda - i-interference ye-boosy / i-hissy - i-interference ye-electric-high quality - Gain interference high- Lungisa: Nciphisa inzuzo kwaye uthethe ngokuvakalayo, suka kude nezixhobo zombane, uphuculo lwe-interface Ingxaki: Isandi esixutyiweyo - Ukufunxa kakhulu / ukudambisa - Imakrofoni ivalwe - I-mic ephantsi yomgangatho - Ukulungisa: Susa ukuthambisa okugqithisileyo, jonga ukubekwa kwe-mic, izixhobo zokuphucula Ingxaki: I-Echo okanye isaga - Igumbi libonakalisa kakhulu - Igumbi libonisa kakhulu - Ukurekhoda ukurekhoda, ukugcinwa kwezixhobo ezikufutshane kakhulu Ingxaki: Ukugqwetheka - Inqanaba lengeniso/yegalelo liphezulu kakhulu (ukuklipha) - Ukuthethela phezulu kakhulu/usondele kakhulu - Lungisa: Nciphisa inzuzo, uhlehlise umva imakrofoni, thetha ngokuthambileyo Uvavanyo olucwangcisiweyo: Guqula inguqu ibe nye ngexesha, rekhoda iisampulu, thelekisa iziphumo.

Ukufumana isiteji yinkqubo yokuseta inqanaba lokurekhoda elichanekileyo kwindawo nganye kwikhonkco lakho lomsindo ukugcina umgangatho kunye nokuphepha ukugqwetheka. Injongo: Rekhoda ngokuvakalayo kangangoko unakho ngaphandle kokunqunqa (ukuguqula). Amanyathelo okuzuza ngokufanelekileyo staging: 1. Qala ngenzuzo/igalelo lolawulo lwenqanaba kwi-interface okanye i-mixer 2. Thetha okanye ucule kwinqanaba lakho lesiqhelo elingxolayo 3. Lungisa inzuzo ukuze iincopho zibethe -12 ukuya ku-6 dB (mthubi kwiimitha) 4. Ungaze uvumele ukuba ibethe i-0 dB (obomvu) - oku kubangela ukuba i-digital clipping (i-permanent distortion. I-permanent distortion). Ukuba ukusika, yehlisa inzuzo. Kutheni ungarekhodi? - Akukho gumbi lokuhlala ngexesha elingxolayo elingalindelekanga - Umngcipheko wokunqunqa - Ukuthamba okuncinci ekuhleleni Kutheni ungarekhodi uthe cwaka kakhulu? - Kumele kunyuswe ukuhlela, ukwandisa umgangatho wengxolo - Umlinganiselo ombi wesignali-kwingxolo - Ulahlekelwa lulwazi oluguquguqukayo Amanqanaba ethagethi: - Intetho/iPodcast: -12 ukuya -6 dB incopho - Vocals: -18 ukuya -12 dB incopho - Umculo/Imithombo yengxolo: -6 ukuya -3 dB incopho Monitor eneemitha zombini iziphumo ezingcono kunye ne-RMS. Ngalo lonke ixesha shiya i-headroom!

Amandla e-Phantom yindlela yokubonelela ngombane we-DC (ngokuqhelekileyo i-48V) kwi-microphone ye-condenser ngentambo efanayo ye-XLR ephethe i-audio. Ibizwa ngokuba yi "phantom" kuba ayibonakali kwizixhobo ezingayifuniyo - iimakrofoni eziguqukayo ziyayihoya ngokukhuselekileyo. Kutheni kufuneka: I-Condenser mics ifuna amandla: - Ukutshaja iipleyiti ze-capacitor - Ukunika amandla i-preamplifier yangaphakathi - Ukugcina amandla ombane we-polarization Indlela esebenza ngayo: I-48V ithunyelwa ngokulinganayo ezantsi izikhonkwane ze-2 kunye ne-3 zentambo ye-XLR, kunye ne-pin 1 (umhlaba) njengembuyekezo. Imiqondiso yesandi elungelelanisiweyo ayichaphazeleki kuba yahlukile. Apho ivela khona: - I-audio interfaces (ininzi ine-48V iqhosha lamandla e-phantom) - Ukuxuba i-consoles - Izixhobo zamandla ze-phantom ezinikezelweyo Amanqaku abalulekileyo: - Soloko uvula amandla e-phantom NGAPHAMBI kokuxhuma i-mic kwaye ucime NGAPHAMBI kokuqhawula uxhulumaniso - Ayiyi konakalisa i-mics eguquguqukayo, kodwa inokulimaza i-ribbon mics - khangela ngaphambi kokuba i-phantom ibonise amandla e-phantom esebenzayo - Isalathisi se-phantom ye-USB esebenzayo amandla kwaye ayifuni i-48V yangaphandle Akukho mandla e-phantom = akukho sandi esivela kwi-condenser mics.

Umlinganiselo weSampuli (ulinganiswe kwi-Hz okanye kwi-kHz) kukuba mangaphi amaxesha ngomzuzwana i-audio ilinganiswa. - 44.1 kHz (umgangatho weCD): iisampuli ze-44,100 ngesekhondi. Ibamba amaza ukuya kuthi ga kwi-22 kHz (umda wokuva komntu). Umgangatho womculo. - 48 kHz (ividiyo yobungcali): Umgangatho wefilimu, iTV, imveliso yevidiyo. - 96 kHz okanye 192 kHz (high-res): Ibamba iifrikhwensi ze-ultrasonic, inika i-headroom engaphezulu yokuhlelwa. Iifayile ezinkulu, umahluko omncinci ovakalayo. Ubunzulu beBit bumisela uluhlu oluguquguqukayo (umahluko phakathi kwezandi ezithuleyo nezingxolayo): - 16-bit: 96 dB uluhlu oluguquguqukayo. Umgangatho weCD, ulungile ukuhanjiswa kokugqibela. - 24-bit: 144 dB uluhlu oluguquguqukayo. Umgangatho westudio, indawo enkulu yokurekhoda kunye nokuhlelwa. Yehlisa ingxolo yobungakanani. -I-32-bit float: Uluhlu oluguquguqukayo olungenamda, akunakwenzeka ukuklikha. Ilungele ukurekhoda intsimi kunye nokhuseleko. Ngeenjongo ezininzi, i-48 kHz / 24-bit ilungile. Useto oluphezulu lwenza iifayile ezinkulu ezinenzuzo encinci yokusetyenziswa okuqhelekileyo.