Amagama ajwayelekile omsindo nemakrofoni
Izinto kanye namasu asetshenziselwa ukulawula ukubonakaliswa komsindo nesaga ekamelweni. Kufaka ukumuncwa (igwebu, amaphaneli), ukusabalalisa (izindawo ezingalingani), nama-bass trap.
Isibonelo: Ukubeka amaphaneli e-acoustic ezindaweni zokuqala zokubonisa kuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yokurekhoda.
Idivayisi eguqula amasiginali omsindo we-analogi abe yidijithali (futhi okuphambene nalokho) ngekhwalithi ephezulu kunamakhadi omsindo ekhompyutha. Inikeza okokufaka kwe-XLR, amandla e-phantom, nokubambezeleka okuphansi.
Isibonelo: I-Focusrite Scarlett 2i2 iyisixhumi esibonakalayo somsindo we-USB eneziteshi ezi-2.
Indlela yokuxhumana yomsindo esebenzisa amakhondatha amathathu (okuhle, okunegethivu, okuphansi) ukwenqaba ukuphazamiseka nomsindo. Isetshenziswa kumakhebuli e-XLR nomsindo wochwepheshe.
Isibonelo: Ukuxhumeka kwe-XLR okunokulinganisela kungagijima amafidi angu-100 ngaphandle kokuwohloka kwesignali.
Ibizwa nangokuthi i-figure-8 iphethini. Icosha umsindo ngaphambili nangemuva, yenqaba emaceleni. Iwusizo ezingxoxweni zabantu ababili noma ukuthatha umsindo wegumbi.
Isibonelo: Beka izipikha ezimbili zibhekane ngemakrofoni engu-figure-8 phakathi kwazo.
Inani lamabhithi asetshenziselwa ukumela isampula ngayinye yomsindo. Ukujula kwebhithi ephakeme kusho ububanzi obukhulu obuguquguqukayo nomsindo omncane.
Isibonelo: I-16-bit (ikhwalithi ye-CD) noma i-24-bit (ukurekhoda kochwepheshe)
Iphethini yokuthwebula emise okwenhliziyo ethwebula umsindo ngokuyinhloko kusukela ngaphambili kwemakrofoni ngenkathi yenqaba umsindo ovela ngemuva. Iphethini ye-polar evame kakhulu.
Isibonelo: Imakrofoni ye-Cardioid ilungele ukuhlukanisa isipikha esisodwa endaweni enomsindo.
Ukuhlanekezela okwenzeka lapho isignali yomsindo idlula izinga eliphezulu elingaphathwa yisistimu.
Isibonelo: Ukukhulumela phezulu kakhulu kumakrofoni kungabangela ukusika nomsindo ohlanekezelwe
Iphrosesa yomsindo enciphisa ububanzi obuguquguqukayo ngokwehlisa izingxenye ezinomsindo, okwenza ileveli iyonke ilingane. Ibalulekile ekurekhodweni komsindo ochwepheshe.
Isibonelo: Sebenzisa i-compressor yesilinganiso esingu-3:1 ukuze ukhiphe amandla ezwi.
Uhlobo lwemakrofoni esebenzisa i-capacitor ukuguqula umsindo ube isignali kagesi. Idinga amandla (i-phantom), ebucayi kakhulu, impendulo engcono yemvamisa. Ilungele izingoma zesitudiyo nokuqoshwa okuningiliziwe.
Isibonelo: I-Neumann U87 ingumbhobho odumile we-diaphragm condenser.
Iphrosesa yomsindo eyehlisa ukulingana ngokucindezela amafrikhwensi aqinile (4-8 kHz) kuphela uma yeqa i-threshold.
Isibonelo: Faka i-de-esser ukuze ulawule imisindo eqinile ye-S ekurekhodweni kwephimbo.
Ulwelwesi oluncane olukumakrofoni oludlidlizayo lusabela kumaza omsindo. Ama-diaphragm amakhulu (1") afudumele futhi azwela kakhulu; ama-diaphragm amancane (<1") anembe kakhulu futhi anemininingwane.
Isibonelo: Ama-condenser ama-diaphragm amakhulu akhethwa kumazwi okusakaza emsakazweni.
Uhlobo lwemakrofoni olusebenzisa i-electromagnetic induction (ikhoyili ehambayo endaweni kazibuthe). Imangelengele, awekho amandla adingekayo, iphatha i-SPL ephezulu. Kuhle ekusebenzeni okubukhoma nemithombo enomsindo.
Isibonelo: I-Shure SM58 ingumbhobho wezwi oguquguqukayo osezingeni lomkhakha.
Umehluko phakathi kwemisindo ethule kakhulu nephezulu kakhulu umbhobho ungathwebula ngaphandle kokuhlanekezela.
Isibonelo: Kukalwa ngama-decibel (dB); ephakeme kungcono
Inqubo yokuthuthukisa noma yokunciphisa ububanzi befrikhwensi ethile ukuze kulolonge uhlamvu lwethoni lomsindo. Izihlungi ze-high-pass zisusa i-rumble, ukusikeka kunciphisa izinkinga, ukukhuphula kuyathuthukisa.
Isibonelo: Faka isihlungi se-high-pass ku-80 Hz ukuze ususe ukuduma kwemvamisa ephansi kuzwi.
Ukuphakama komsindo kukalwa ngo-Hertz (Hz). Amafrikhwensi aphansi = ibhesi (20-250 Hz), i-midrange = umzimba (250 Hz - 4 kHz), amafrikhwensi aphezulu = i-treble (4-20 kHz).
Isibonelo: Imvamisa yezwi lowesilisa isukela ku-85-180 Hz.
Ibanga lamafrikhwensi umbhobho ongawathwebula, nokuthi iwakhiqiza ngokunembe kangakanani.
Isibonelo: Imakrofoni enempendulo engu-20Hz-20kHz ithwebula uhla olugcwele lokuzwa komuntu
Ukukhulisa kusetshenziswe kusignali yemakrofoni. Isiteji senzuzo esifanele sithwebula umsindo ngamaleveli afanele ngaphandle kokukliphuzwa noma umsindo omkhulu.
Isibonelo: Setha ukuzuza kwemakrofoni yakho ukuze iziqongo zishaye -12 ukuya ku-6 dB ngezwi elikhulunyiwe.
Inani lesikhala phakathi kwamazinga akho ajwayelekile okurekhoda kanye no-0 dBFS (ukuqoshwa). Ihlinzeka ngomkhawulo wokuphepha wemisindo ephezulu engalindelekile.
Isibonelo: Ukurekhoda okuphezulu ku--12 dB kunikeza i-12 dB ye-headroom ngaphambi kokusikwa.
Ukumelana kukagesi kwemakrofoni, kukalwa ngama-ohms (Ω). I-impedance ephansi (150-600Ω) iyindinganiso yobungcweti futhi ivumela ukugijima kwekhebula elide ngaphandle kokuwohloka kwesignali.
Isibonelo: Amamakrofoni we-XLR asebenzisa ukuxhumana okulinganiselwe okulinganiselwe okuphansi.
Ukubambezeleka phakathi kokufaka komsindo nokuwuzwa kuma-headphone/izipikha, kukalwa ngama-millisecond. Okuphansi kungcono. Ngaphansi kuka-10ms ayibonakali.
Isibonelo: Amamakrofoni e-USB ngokuvamile ane-latency engu-10-30ms; I-XLR ene-interface yomsindo ingafinyelela <5ms.
Izinga lomsindo ongemuva kusignali yomsindo uma kungekho msindo orekhodiweyo.
Isibonelo: Iphansi lomsindo eliphansi lisho ukuqoshwa okuhlanzekile, nokuthule
Iphethini ye-polar ephakamisa umsindo ngokulinganayo kuzo zonke izinkomba (ama-360 degrees). Ithwebula i-ambience yegumbi lemvelo nokucabanga.
Isibonelo: Imakrofoni ye-Omnidirectional mihle ekurekhodeni ingxoxo yeqembu.
Indlela yokunikeza amandla e-condenser imakrofoni ngekhebuli efanayo ephethe umsindo. Ngokuvamile 48 volts.
Isibonelo: Imakrofoni ye-Condenser idinga amandla e-phantom ukuze isebenze, ama-mics ashukumisayo awawafuni
Ukuqhuma komoya ovela kongwaqa (P, B, T) okudala ukushaywa kwefrikhwensi ephansi ekurekhodweni. Kuncishiswe kusetshenziswa izihlungi ze-pop nezindlela ezifanele zemakrofoni.
Isibonelo: Igama elithi "pop" liqukethe i-plosive engalayisha kakhulu i-mic capsule.
Ukuzwela kokuqondisa kombhobho - lapho ithatha khona umsindo.
Isibonelo: I-Cardioid (emise okwenhliziyo), i-omnidirectional (zonke izinkomba), umfanekiso-8 (ngaphambili nangemuva)
Isikrini esibekwe phakathi kwesipikha nemakrofoni ukuze kwehliswe imisindo eqhumayo (P, B, T) ebangela ukuqhuma komoya okungazelelwe kanye nokuhlanekezela.
Isibonelo: Misa isihlungi se-pop ngamayintshi angu-2-3 ukusuka kukhepsuli yemakrofoni.
I-amplifier ethuthukisa isignali ephansi kakhulu ukusuka kumakrofoni ukuya kuleveli yomugqa. Ama-preamp ekhwalithi engeza umsindo omncane nombala.
Isibonelo: Ama-preamp asezingeni eliphezulu angabiza izinkulungwane kodwa ahlinzeke ngokukhulisa okusobala, okuhlanzekile.
I-Bass frequency boost eyenzeka lapho umthombo womsindo useduze kakhulu nemakrofoni eqondisayo. Ingasetshenziswa ngokudala ukufudumala noma kufanele igwenywe ukuze inembe.
Isibonelo: O-DJ berediyo basebenzisa umthelela wokusondela ngokusondela kumakrofoni ukuze bathole izwi elijulile nelifudumele.
Uhlobo lombhobho olusebenzisa iribhoni lensimbi elincanyana elilengiswa endaweni kazibuthe. Umsindo ofudumele, wemvelo onephethini ye-figure-8. Intekenteke futhi iyazwela kumandla omoya/e-phantom.
Isibonelo: Amamakrofoni eribhoni aziswa kakhulu ngomsindo wawo oshelelayo, wakudala kuzwi nethusi.
Ukuphakama komsindo kukalwa ngama-decibel. I-SPL ephezulu iwumsindo omkhulu kakhulu umbhobho ongawuphatha ngaphambi kokuhlanekezela.
Isibonelo: Ingxoxo evamile imayelana ne-60 dB SPL; ikhonsathi ye-rock ingu-110 dB SPL.
Inani lezikhathi ngomzuzwana lapho umsindo ulinganiswa futhi ugcinwe ngedijithali. Kukalwa nge-Hertz (Hz) noma i-kilohertz (kHz).
Isibonelo: 44.1kHz isho amasampuli angu-44,100 ngomzuzwana
Imakrofoni ikhiqiza ugesi ongakanani ezingeni elinikeziwe lokucindezela komsindo. Imakrofoni ezwela kakhulu ikhiqiza amasiginali aphezulu kodwa ingase ibambe umsindo wegumbi.
Isibonelo: Imakrofoni ye-Condenser ngokuvamile inokuzwela okuphezulu kunemakrofoni aguqukayo.
Isistimu yokumiswa ebamba imakrofoni futhi iyihlukanise kusukela ekudlidlizeni, umsindo wokubamba, kanye nokuphazamiseka kokusebenza.
Isibonelo: Ukukhweza ukushaqeka kuvimbela imisindo yokuthayipha kwekhibhodi ukuthi ingaphendulwa.
Imisindo eqinile, ethi "S" nethi "SH" erekhodiwe. Ingancishiswa ngokubeka imakrofoni, ama-plugin e-de-esser, noma i-EQ.
Isibonelo: Umusho othi "She sells seashells" ujwayele ukufana.
Isilinganiso esiphakathi kwesignali yomsindo oyifunayo kanye nephansi lomsindo elingemuva, likalwa ngama-decibel (dB). Amanani aphezulu akhombisa ukurekhodwa okuhlanzekile okunomsindo omncane.
Isibonelo: Imakrofoni ene-80 dB SNR ithathwa njengenhle kakhulu ekurekhodeni okuphrofeshinali.
Amaphethini okuqondisa aqinile kune-cardioid ene-lobe encane yangemuva. Nikeza ukwenqatshwa okuseceleni okungcono kokuhlukanisa imithombo yomsindo ezindaweni ezinomsindo.
Isibonelo: Imibhobho yesibhamu yefilimu isebenzisa amaphethini e-hypercardioid.
Uxhumano lomsindo olusebenzisa amakhondatha amabili (isiginali nomhlabathi). Kungase kube lula ekuphazamisekeni. Kujwayelekile egiyeni lekhasimende elinezintambo ezingu-1/4" TS noma ezingu-3.5mm.
Isibonelo: Izintambo zesigingci ngokuvamile azilingani futhi kufanele zigcinwe ngaphansi kwamamitha angu-20.
Isembozo segwebu noma uboya esinciphisa umsindo womoya ekurekhodeni kwangaphandle. Ibalulekile ekurekhodweni kwenkundla nezingxoxo zangaphandle.
Isibonelo: Isikrini somoya esinoboya "sekati elifile" singanciphisa umsindo womoya ngo-25 dB.
Isixhumi somsindo esimaphini amathathu esisetshenziswa kumsindo womsebenzi. Inikeza ukwenqatshwa komsindo okuphezulu futhi ivumela ukugijima kwekhebula okude. Okujwayelekile kumakrofoni angochwepheshe.
Isibonelo: Izintambo ze-XLR zisebenzisa izikhonkwane ezingu-1 (eziphansi), ezi-2 (ezilungile), nezi-3 (negative) zomsindo olinganiselayo.
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