Funda Ngemakrofoni

Ukusabela Imvamisa: Ububanzi befrikhwensi imakrofoni engathwebula ngokunembile. Ukuzwa komuntu: 20 Hz - 20 kHz. Amamakrofoni amaningi: 50 Hz - 15 kHz yanele izwi. I-Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR): Umehluko phakathi komsindo owuthandayo (isiginali) nomsindo wangemuva. Okuphakeme kungcono. 70 dB muhle, 80 dB muhle kakhulu. Ukuzwela: Imakrofoni ikhiqiza okukhiphayo okungakanani kungcindezi yomsindo onikeziwe. Ukuzwela okuphezulu = ukuphuma okukhulu, iphakamisa imisindo ethulile nomsindo wegumbi. Ukuzwela okuphansi = kudinga ukuzuza okwengeziwe, kodwa okungazweli kakhulu enomsindo. I-SPL Ephezulu (Izinga Lokucindezela Komsindo): Umsindo omkhulu kakhulu imakrofoni ongawuphatha ngaphambi kokuhlanekezela. I-120 dB SPL iphatha inkulumo/ukucula okuvamile. 130 dB edingekayo ezinsimbini ezinomsindo noma ukuklabalasa. I-impedance: Ukumelana kukagesi kwemakrofoni. I-impedance ephansi (150-600 ohms) iyindinganiso yobungcweti, ivumela ukugijima kwamakhebula amade. I-impedance ephezulu (10k ohms) eyezintambo ezimfushane kuphela. I-Proximity Effect: I-Bass i-boost uma iseduze kumakrofoni we-cardioid/directional. Sebenzisa umphumela "wezwi lomsakazo" noma gwema ngokugcina ibanga. I-Self-Noise: Iphansi lomsindo kagesi elikhiqizwa imakrofoni ngokwayo. Okuphansi kungcono. Ngaphansi kwe-15 dBA ithule kakhulu.

Iphethini ye-polar ibonisa ukuthi imakrofoni ithatha kuziphi izikhombisi-ndlela. I-Cardioid (emise okwenhliziyo): Icosha umsindo ngaphambili, yenqaba ngemuva. Iphethini evamile kakhulu. Ilungele ukuhlukanisa umthombo owodwa kanye nokunciphisa umsindo wegumbi. Ilungele amazwi, i-podcasting, ukusakaza. I-Omnidirectional (zonke izinkomba): Iphakamisa umsindo ngokulinganayo kuzo zonke izinkomba. Umsindo wemvelo, uthwebula i-ambience yegumbi. Ilungele amaqembu okurekhoda, ithoni yegumbi, noma izikhala zemvelo ze-acoustic. I-Bidirectional/Figure-8: Icosha kusuka ngaphambili nangemuva, yenqaba ukusuka ezinhlangothini. Ilungele inhlolokhono yabantu ababili, ukurekhoda umsindo nokuboniswa kwegumbi, noma ukurekhoda kwe-stereo emaphakathi. I-Supercardioid/Hypercardioid: I-pickup eqinile kune-cardioid ene-lobe encane yangemuva. Ukwenqatshwa okungcono komsindo wegumbi nemisindo eseceleni. Okujwayelekile ekusakazeni nomsindo obukhoma. Ukukhetha iphethini efanele kunciphisa umsindo ongafuneki futhi kuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yokurekhoda.

Imakrofoni iyi-transducer eguqula amaza omsindo (amandla acoustic) abe amasignali kagesi. Uma ukhuluma noma wenza umsindo, ama-molecule omoya ayavevezela adala amaza okucindezela. I-diaphragm yombhobho inyakaza ngenxa yalezi zinguquko zokucindezela, futhi lokhu kunyakaza kuguqulwa kube isignali kagesi engarekhodwa, ikhuliswe, noma idluliselwe. Umgomo oyisisekelo usebenza kuwo wonke ama-microphone, nakuba indlela yokuguqula ihluka ngohlobo. Ukuqonda ukuthi imakrofoni yakho isebenza kanjani kukusiza ukuthi uthole ikhwalithi yomsindo engcono.

Imakrofoni iyisisetshenziswa esiguqula amaza omsindo abe amasignali kagesi. Isebenza ngokusebenzisa i-diaphragm edlidlizayo lapho amaza omsindo eyishaya, futhi lokhu kudlidliza kuguqulwa kube isignali kagesi engakhuliswa, irekhodwe, noma idluliselwe.

Isilinganiso sesampula ukuthi kangaki umsindo ngesekhondi ukalwa. Amanani avamile angu-44.1kHz (ikhwalithi ye-CD), 48kHz (izinga levidiyo), kanye no-96kHz (ukulungiswa okuphezulu). Amanani amasampula aphezulu athwebula imininingwane eyengeziwe kodwa adala amafayela amakhulu. Ngokusetshenziswa okuningi, i-48kHz inhle kakhulu.

Amamakrofoni Anamandla asebenzisa i-diaphragm enamathiselwe kukhoyili yentambo elenga endaweni kazibuthe. Amaza omsindo anyakazisa i-diaphragm nekhoyili, akhiqize amandla kagesi. Zimangelengele, azidingi amandla, futhi ziphethe kahle imisindo ephezulu. Ilungele ukudlala bukhoma, i-podcasting, nezigubhu. Amamakrofoni e-Condenser asebenzisa i-diaphragm encane ene-conductive ebekwe eduze ne-backplate yensimbi, yakhe i-capacitor. Amaza omsindo ashintsha ibanga phakathi kwamapuleti, amandla ahlukahlukene futhi enze isignali kagesi. Adinga amandla e-phantom (48V), azwela kakhulu, athwebula imininingwane eyengeziwe, futhi alungele amazwi e-studio, izinsimbi zomculo we-acoustic, nokuqoshwa kwekhwalithi ephezulu. Khetha okuguquguqukayo kokuqina nemithombo enomsindo, i-condenser yemininingwane nemithombo ethule.

Imakrofoni ye-USB inesiguquli se-analog-to-digital esakhelwe ngaphakathi kanye ne-preamp. Axhuma ngqo embobeni ye-USB yekhompyutha yakho futhi abonakale ngokushesha. Ilungele i-podcasting, ukusakaza, amakholi wevidiyo, nokurekhoda kwasekhaya. Alula, ayathengeka, futhi ayaphatheka. Nokho, zikhawulelwe kumakrofoni eyodwa ngembobo ye-USB futhi zinamandla amancane okuthuthukisa. Imakrofoni ye-XLR iyimakrofoni ye-analog yobungcweti edinga isixhumi esibonakalayo somsindo noma imiksi. Uxhumano lwe-XLR lunokulinganisela (lwehlisa ukuphazamiseka) futhi lunikeza ikhwalithi yomsindo engcono, ukuguquguquka okwengeziwe, nezici zobungcweti. Ungasebenzisa amamakrofoni amaningi ngesikhathi esisodwa, uthuthukise ama-preamp akho ngokuhlukana, futhi ube nokulawula okwengeziwe kuchungechunge lwakho lomsindo. Zisezingeni eliphezulu ezitudiyo ezichwepheshile, umsindo obukhoma, nokusakaza. Abaqalayo: Qala nge-USB. Ochwepheshe noma abathanda ukuzilibazisa okungathi sína: Tshala imali ku-XLR.

Amamakrofoni anamandla asebenzisa induction ye-electromagnetic ukuguqula umsindo ube amasignali kagesi. Ziqinile, ziphethe kahle amazinga okucindezela komsindo ophezulu, futhi azidingi amandla angaphandle. Okuvame ukusetshenziselwa amakhonsathi abukhoma nokuqopha izinsimbi ezinomsindo.

Amamakrofoni e-Condenser asebenzisa i-capacitor (condenser) ukuguqula amandla e-acoustic abe amandla kagesi. Zidinga amandla e-phantom (imvamisa engu-48V) futhi zizwela kakhulu kunemakrofoni ashukumisayo, okuzenza zilungele ukuqopha amazwi e-studio nezinsimbi zomculo we-acoustic.

Ukubekwa kahle kwemakrofoni kuthuthukisa ngokumangazayo ikhwalithi yomsindo: Ibanga: 6-12 amayintshi okukhuluma, 12-24 amayintshi okucula. I-Closer = i-bass eyengeziwe (umphumela wokusondela), imisindo eminingi yomlomo. Okuqhubekayo = okungokwemvelo, kodwa kuthatha umsindo wegumbi. I-engeli: I-off-eksisi kancane (ekhomba emlonyeni wakho kodwa hhayi ngokuqondile) kunciphisa iziqhumane (imisindo engu-P no-B) kanye nokulingana (imisindo ye-S). Ubude: Ukuma ezingeni lomlomo/ekhaleni. Ngenhla noma ngezansi kushintsha ithoni. Ukwelashwa kwegumbi: Rekhoda kude nezindonga (amafidi amathathu) ukuze unciphise ukubonakaliswa. Ukubekwa kwekhona kukhulisa i-bass. Sebenzisa amakhethini, izingubo zokulala, noma igwebu ukuze udambise ukuboniswa. Isihlungi se-Pop: amayintshi angu-2-3 ukusuka kumakrofoni ukunciphisa iziqhumane ngaphandle kokuthinta ithoni. I-Shock Mount: Yehlisa ukudlidliza kusuka kudeski, ikhibhodi, noma phansi. Hlola izindawo ezahlukene ngenkathi uqapha futhi uthole ukuthi yini ezwakala ingcono kakhulu yezwi lakho nendawo.

Indawo yakho yokurekhoda ibaluleke kakhulu njengombhobho wakho. Imisindo yegumbi: - Izingxenye eziqinile (izindonga, phansi, amafasitela) zibonisa umsindo obangela ukunanela nesaga - Izindawo ezithambile (amakhethini, okhaphethi, ifenisha, izingubo zokulala) zimunca umsindo - Okufanelekile: Ingxube yokumunca nokusakazwa komsindo wemvelo - Inkinga: Izindonga ezihambisanayo zenza amagagasi amile futhi zinanelwe yi-flutter Intuthuko esheshayo: Igumbi elithambile kakhulu 1. osofa, amakhethini, omata, amashalofu ezincwadi 3. Lengisa izingubo zokulala ezinyakazayo noma amakhethini awugqinsi ezindongeni 4. Rekhoda ekhabetheni eligcwele izingubo (idokodo lomsindo wemvelo!) 5. Yakha isihlungi sokubonisa ngemva kwemakrofoni usebenzisa igwebu noma izingubo zokulala 6. Zimise kude nezindonga ezihambisanayo (okungenani amafidi angu-3) Imithombo yomsindo ukuze uqede: - Sebenzisa ikhompyutha epholile, sebenzisa i-computer isodwa: isimo/ukushisisa: Vala ngesikhathi sokurekhoda - Isiqandisi hum: Rekhoda kude nekhishi - Umsindo wethrafikhi: Rekhoda ngezikhathi ezithule, vala amafasitela - I-echo yegumbi: Engeza ukumuncwa (bona ngenhla) - Ukuphazamiseka kukagesi: Gcina imakrofoni ikude nama-adaptha kagesi, amamonitha, izibani ze-LED Ithiphu ye-Pro: Rekhoda imizuzwana embalwa yokuthula ukuze uthwebule "ithoni yegumbi" lakho eliwusizo - ukuncishiswa kwe-edi. Izisombululo zebhajethi zehlula amamakrofoni abizayo emakamelweni anganakiwe!

Indlela efanele yemakrofoni ithuthukisa umsindo wakho ngendlela emangalisayo: Ukulawula ibanga: - Inkulumo evamile: amayintshi angu-6-10 - Ukucula okupholile: amayintshi angu-8-12 - Ukucula kakhulu: amayintshi angu-10-16 - Ukumemeza / ukuklabalasa: amayintshi angu-12-24 Ukusebenza umphumela wokusondelana: - Sondela ukuze uthole ibhalansi eyengeziwe ukuze uthole ibhalansi eyengeziwe ukuya kwezwi elipholile - Ibanga elisuka kude nemvelo engeza amandla ekusebenzeni Ukulawula iziqhumane (imisindo engu-P, B, T): - Sebenzisa isihlungi se-pop esingamayintshi angu-2-3 ukusuka kumakrofoni - Misa imakrofoni ngenhla kancane noma eceleni komlomo - Phendukisa ikhanda lakho kancane phakathi neziqhumane eziqinile - Thuthukisa indlela yokuthambisa iziqhumane ngokwemvelo Ukunciphisa ukuzwana (imisindo ye-S enokhahlo): - Khomba imakrofoni ngezansi maphakathi nomlomo wakho - iqondise kancane kancane emlonyeni wakho, ungayibhekise phezulu kancane. amazwi agqamile/ahlabayo - I-plugin ye-De-esser eposini uma kudingeka Ukungaguquguquki: - Maka ibanga lakho ngeteyiphu noma ngereferensi ebonakalayo - Gcina i-engeli efanayo nendawo - Sebenzisa ama-headphone ukuze uziqaphe - Sebenzisa i-shock mount ukuvimbela ukubamba umsindo Ukunyakaza: - Hlala unganyakazi (sebenzisa i-shock mount ukunyakaza okuncane) - Ngomculo: Sondela eduze ezingxenyeni ezithulile, uhlehle endaweni ekhulunyiwe - Inkomishi ekhulumayo vala umbhobho (ushintsha iphimbo, ubangele impendulo) - Bamba umzimba, hhayi eduze kwegrille - Ngokubamba ngesandla: Bamba ngokuqinile kodwa ungaminyi Ukuzijwayeza kwenza kuphelele - ziqophe bese uzivivinya!

Ukubekwa kahle kwemakrofoni kuthinta kakhulu ikhwalithi yomsindo. Ngezwi: indawo eyi-intshi engu-6-12 ukusuka emlonyeni wakho, isuke kancane eksisini ukuze unciphise iziqhumane. Gwema ukukhomba ngqo emlonyeni wakho. Gwema kubalandeli bekhompuyutha kanye nesiphephetha-moya.

Indlela ehlelekile yokuxilonga nokulungisa izinkinga zomsindo: Inkinga: Umsindo omncane noma omncane - Ukude kakhulu kumakrofoni noma ku-axis - Kukhethwe iphethini ye-polar engalungile - Ukuboniswa kwegumbi nesaga - Lungisa: Sondela eduze, ume phezu kwe-eksisi, engeza ukwelashwa kwegumbi Inkinga: Umsindo onodaka noma ophuphumayo - Isondele kakhulu kumakrofoni (umphumela wokwakheka kwegumbi -ukwakheka) Lungisa: Hlehla ngama-intshi angu-2-4, suka emakhoneni Inkinga: Umsindo oqinile noma ohlabayo - Imvamisa ephezulu kakhulu (ukulinganisa) - I-Mic ikhombe ngqo emlonyeni - Imakrofoni eshibhile ngaphandle kwempendulo efanele yefrikhwensi - Lungisa: I-Angle mic isuke kancane ku-axis, sebenzisa isihlungi se-pop, i-EQ ekuthunyelwe Inkinga: Umsindo ozwakalayo/ohlabayo - Umsindo ozwakalayo oqoshiwe - Ikhwalithi yomsindo ozwakalayo - Umsindo ozwakalayo ophansi - Umsindo ozwakalayo ophansi Lungisa: Nciphisa inzuzo futhi ukhulume kakhulu, suka kumadivayisi kagesi, thuthukisa isixhumi esibonakalayo Inkinga: Umsindo ovalekile - Ukumunca/ukumanzisa kakhulu - Imakrofoni ivimbekile - Imakrofoni yekhwalithi ephansi - Lungisa: Susa ukumanzisa ngokweqile, hlola ukubekwa kwemakrofoni, thuthukisa imishini Inkinga: Ukuhlanekezela - Izinga lokuzuza/lokufaka liphezulu kakhulu (ukusika) - Ukukhulumela phezulu kakhulu/usondele kakhulu - Lungisa: Yehlisa ukuzuza, hlehlisa imakrofoni, khulumela kamnandi Hlola ngendlela ehlelekile: Shintsha okuguquguqukayo okukodwa ngesikhathi, rekhoda amasampula, qhathanisa imiphumela.

Ukuzuza isiteji kuyinqubo yokusetha ileveli yokurekhoda efanele endaweni ngayinye ochungechungeni lwakho lomsindo ukuze kugcinwe ikhwalithi futhi kugwenywe ukuhlanekezela. Umgomo: Rekhoda phezulu ngangokunokwenzeka ngaphandle kokusika (ukuhlanekezela). Izinyathelo zokuthola inzuzo efanele yesiteji: 1. Qala ngokulawula izinga lenzuzo/lokufaka kusixhumi esibonakalayo noma esixubeni 2. Khuluma noma cula ezingeni lakho elivamile elinomsindo kakhulu 3. Lungisa ukuzuza ukuze iziqongo zishaye -12 kuye ku-6 dB (ophuzi kumamitha) 4. Ungalokothi uyivumele ishaye u-0 dB (obomvu) - lokhu kubangela ukugunda kwedijithali (i-digital clipping. Ukuhlanekezela okungapheli. Uma ukugunda, yehlisa inzuzo. Kungani ungarekhodi ngezinga eliphezulu? - Awekho ama-headroom ezikhathi zomsindo ongalindelekile - Ingozi yokusika - Ukuvumelana nezimo kancane ekuhleleni Kungani ungarekhodi uthule kakhulu? - Kumelwe kuthuthuke ekuhleleni, ekukhuliseni umsindo phansi - Isilinganiso esingesihle sesignali-kuya-nomsindo - Ilahlekelwa ulwazi oluguquguqukayo Amazinga athagethiwe: - Inkulumo/iPodcast: -12 ukuya -6 dB ukuphakama - Amagama: -18 kuya -12 dB ukuphakama - Imithombo yomculo/Loud: -6 ukuya -3 dB peak Monitor enamamitha womabili imiphumela yokuphakama kanye ne-RMS. Njalo shiya i-headroom!

Amandla e-Phantom ayindlela yokunikeza i-DC voltage (imvamisa engu-48V) kumakrofoni e-condenser ngentambo efanayo ye-XLR ephethe umsindo. Ibizwa nge-"phantom" ngoba ayibonakali kumadivayisi angayidingi - amamakrofoni aguqukayo ayiziba ngokuphephile. Kungani idingeka: Amamakrofoni e-Condenser adinga amandla: - Ukushaja ama-capacitor plate - Ukunika amandla i-preamplifier yangaphakathi - Ukugcina i-voltage ye-polarization Isebenza kanjani: I-48V ithunyelwa ngokulinganayo phansi kwezikhonkwane 2 no-3 zentambo ye-XLR, nophini 1 (umhlabathi) njengembuyiselo. Amasignali omsindo abhalansile awathinteki ngoba ayahluka. Lapho iphuma khona: - Izixhumanisi zomsindo (eziningi zinenkinobho yamandla e-phantom engu-48V) - Ukuxuba ama-consoles - Izimpahla zamandla ezinikelwe ze-phantom Amanothi abalulekile: - Njalo vula amandla e-phantom NGAPHAMBI kokuxhuma imakrofoni futhi uvale NGAPHAMBI kokunqamula - Ngeke konakalise amamakrofoni ashukumisayo, kodwa angalimaza imakrofoni yeribhoni - hlola ngaphambi kokunika amandla - Imibukiso yamandla ephantom ye-USB yakhiwe amandla futhi awadingi i-48V yangaphandle Awekho amandla e-phantom = akukho msindo ovela kumakrofoni we-condenser.

Isilinganiso Sesampula (sikalwa nge-Hz noma kHz) ukuthi umsindo ulinganiswa kangaki ngesekhondi. - 44.1 kHz (ikhwalithi ye-CD): amasampula angu-44,100 ngomzuzwana. Ithwebula amafrikhwensi afika ku-22 kHz (umkhawulo wezindlebe zomuntu). Okujwayelekile komculo. - 48 kHz (ividiyo yochwepheshe): Okujwayelekile kwefilimu, i-TV, ukukhiqizwa kwevidiyo. - 96 kHz noma 192 kHz (high-res): Ithwebula amaza e-ultrasonic, inikeza i-headroom eyengeziwe ukuze ihlelwe. Amafayela amakhulu, umehluko omncane ozwakalayo. Ukujula Kwebhithi kunquma ububanzi obuguqukayo (umehluko phakathi kwemisindo ethule kakhulu nephezulu kakhulu): - 16-bit: 96 dB ububanzi obuguqukayo. Ikhwalithi ye-CD, inhle ngokusatshalaliswa kokugcina. - 24-bit: 144 dB ububanzi obuguquguqukayo. Izinga lesitudiyo, i-headroom eyengeziwe yokurekhoda nokuhlela. Yehlisa umsindo we-quantization. - I-32-bit float: Ibanga eliguqukayo elicishe lingenamkhawulo, alinakwenzeka ukuliqoshwa. Ilungele ukuqoshwa kwenkundla nokuphepha. Ngezinjongo eziningi, i-48 kHz / 24-bit ilungile. Izilungiselelo eziphakeme zidala amafayela amakhulu anenzuzo encane ukuze asetshenziswe okuvamile.