Koyi Game da Microphones

Martanin Mitar: Kewayon mitoci da makirufo zai iya ɗauka daidai. Jikin ɗan adam: 20 Hz - 20 kHz. Yawancin mic: 50 Hz - 15 kHz ya isa don murya. Sigina-zuwa amo Ratio (SNR): Bambanci tsakanin odiyon da kuke so (siginar) da hayaniyar baya. Mafi girma shine mafi kyau. 70 dB yana da kyau, 80 dB yana da kyau. Hankali: Nawa fitarwar mic ɗin don matsin sauti da aka bayar. Babban hankali = fitarwa mai ƙarfi, ɗaukar sautin shiru da hayaniyar ɗaki. Karancin hankali = yana buƙatar ƙarin riba, amma ƙarancin amo. Matsakaicin SPL (Matsin Matsi na Sauti): Mafi ƙarar sauti da mic zai iya ɗauka kafin murdiya. 120 dB SPL yana sarrafa magana/waƙa ta al'ada. 130 dB da ake buƙata don kayan aiki masu ƙarfi ko kururuwa. Impedance: Juriya na lantarki na mic. Low impedance (150-600 ohms) ƙwararrun ma'auni ne, yana ba da damar tafiyar da kebul mai tsawo. Babban impedance (10k ohms) na gajerun igiyoyi ne kawai. Tasirin kusanci: Ƙarfafa bass lokacin da yake kusa da cardioid/mics na jagora. Yi amfani da tasirin "muryar rediyo" ko kaucewa ta kiyaye nesa. Hayaniyar Kai: Ƙashin hayaniyar lantarki wanda makirufo kanta ta haifar. Ƙananan ya fi kyau. Kasa da 15 dBA yayi shuru sosai.

Tsarin polar yana nuna daga inda makirufo ke ɗaukar sauti. Cardioid (mai siffar zuciya): Yana ɗaukar sauti daga gaba, ƙi daga baya. Mafi na kowa tsari. Mai girma don ware tushen guda ɗaya da rage hayaniyar ɗakin. Mafi dacewa don muryoyin murya, podcasting, yawo. Komai kai tsaye (duk kwatance): Yana ɗaukar sauti daidai daga kowane kwatance. Sautin yanayi, yana ɗaukar yanayin ɗaki. Yana da kyau don yin rikodi, sautin ɗaki, ko wuraren sauti na yanayi. Bidirectional/Hoto-8: Ana ɗauka daga gaba da baya, ƙi daga tarnaƙi. Cikakke don tambayoyin mutum biyu, yin rikodin sauti da tunanin ɗakinsa, ko rikodin sitiriyo na tsakiya. Supercardioid/Hypercardioid: Daukewa mai ƙarfi fiye da cardioid tare da ƙaramin lobe na baya. Kyakkyawan ƙin yarda da hayaniyar ɗaki da sautunan gefe. Na kowa a watsa shirye-shirye da kuma sauti kai tsaye. Zaɓin tsarin da ya dace yana rage amo maras so kuma yana inganta ingancin rikodi.

Makirifo shine mai canzawa wanda ke canza raƙuman sauti (ƙarfin sauti) zuwa siginar lantarki. Lokacin da kuke magana ko yin sauti, ƙwayoyin iska suna rawar jiki suna haifar da matsa lamba. Diaphragm na makirufo yana motsawa don amsa waɗannan canje-canjen matsa lamba, kuma wannan motsi yana canza zuwa siginar lantarki wanda za'a iya rikodin, ƙarawa, ko watsawa. Babban ƙa'idar ta shafi duk makirufo, kodayake hanyar juyawa ta bambanta da nau'in. Fahimtar yadda makirufo ke aiki yana taimaka muku samun ingantaccen sauti.

Makirifo shine na'urar da ke canza raƙuman sauti zuwa siginar lantarki. Yana aiki ta amfani da diaphragm wanda ke girgiza lokacin da igiyoyin sauti suka same shi, kuma waɗannan girgizarwar suna jujjuya su zuwa siginar lantarki wanda za'a iya ƙarawa, rikodin, ko watsawa.

Adadin samfurin shine sau nawa ake auna sauti a cikin sakan daya. Matsakaicin ma'auni shine 44.1kHz (ingantacciyar CD), 48kHz (daidaita bidiyo), da 96kHz (mai girma). Ƙimar samfurin mafi girma yana ɗaukar ƙarin daki-daki amma ƙirƙirar manyan fayiloli. Don yawancin amfani, 48kHz yana da kyau.

Microphones masu ƙarfi suna amfani da diaphragm da ke haɗe zuwa gadar waya da aka dakatar a cikin filin maganadisu. Raƙuman sauti suna motsa diaphragm da nada, suna samar da wutar lantarki. Suna da kauri, basa buƙatar iko, kuma suna sarrafa ƙarar sauti da kyau. Mai girma don wasan kwaikwayo kai tsaye, podcasting, da ganguna. Makarufan Condenser suna amfani da diaphragm na bakin ciki wanda aka sanya kusa da farantin karfe na baya, yana samar da capacitor. Raƙuman sauti suna canza nisa tsakanin faranti, bambancin ƙarfin aiki da ƙirƙirar siginar lantarki. Suna buƙatar ƙarfin fatalwa (48V), sun fi hankali, ɗaukar ƙarin daki-daki, kuma sun dace don muryoyin studio, kayan ƙararrawa, da rikodi masu inganci. Zaɓi mai ƙarfi don ɗorewa da tushe mai ƙarfi, mai sanyaya don daki-daki da tushen shuru.

Kebul Microphones suna da ginannen mahallin analog-zuwa-dijital da preamp. Suna toshe kai tsaye cikin tashar USB ta kwamfutarka kuma ana gane su nan da nan. Cikakke don kwasfan fayiloli, yawo, kiran bidiyo, da rikodin gida. Suna da sauƙi, masu araha, kuma masu ɗaukar nauyi. Koyaya, an iyakance su zuwa mic guda ɗaya akan kowane tashar USB kuma suna da ƙarancin haɓakawa. XLR Microphones ƙwararrun makirufonin analog ne waɗanda ke buƙatar haɗin sauti ko mahaɗa. Haɗin XLR yana daidaitawa (rage tsangwama) kuma yana ba da ingancin sauti mafi kyau, ƙarin sassauci, da fasalulluka masu sana'a. Kuna iya amfani da mics da yawa a lokaci guda, haɓaka preamps ɗinku daban, kuma ku sami ƙarin iko akan sarkar mai jiwuwa ku. Sun kasance daidaitattun a cikin ƙwararrun sitidiyo, sauti mai rai, da watsa shirye-shirye. Masu farawa: Fara da USB. Masu sana'a ko masu sha'awar sha'awa masu mahimmanci: Saka hannun jari a cikin XLR.

Microphones masu ƙarfi suna amfani da shigarwar lantarki don canza sauti zuwa siginar lantarki. Suna da ɗorewa, suna ɗaukar matakan matsin sauti da kyau, kuma basa buƙatar ƙarfin waje. Yawanci ana amfani da shi don yin raye-raye da yin rikodin kayan kida mai ƙarfi.

Makarufan na'ura mai ɗaukar hoto suna amfani da capacitor (condenser) don canza ƙarfin sauti zuwa makamashin lantarki. Suna buƙatar ikon fatalwa (yawanci 48V) kuma sun fi kulawa fiye da mics masu ƙarfi, yana mai da su manufa don rikodin sautin studio da kayan kida.

Sanya makirufo daidai yana inganta ingancin sauti sosai: Nisa: inci 6-12 don magana, inci 12-24 don waƙa. Kusa = ƙarin bass (tasirin kusanci), ƙarin sautin baki. Ƙari = ƙarin yanayi, amma yana ɗaukar hayaniyar ɗakin. Angle: Kadan daga axis (yana nuni a bakinka amma ba kai tsaye ba) yana rage ɓangarorin (sautin P da B) da sibilance (sautunan S). Tsayi: Matsayi a matakin baki/ hanci. Sama ko ƙasa yana canza sauti. Maganin ɗaki: Yi rikodin nesa da bango (ƙafa 3) don rage tunani. Wurin kusurwa yana ƙara bass. Yi amfani da labule, barguna, ko kumfa don rage tunani. Tace mai fa'ida: inci 2-3 daga mic don rage ƙwanƙwasa ba tare da shafar sautin ba. Dutsen Shock: Yana rage girgiza daga tebur, madannai, ko bene. Gwada matsayi daban-daban yayin saka idanu kuma nemo abin da ya fi dacewa don muryar ku da muhallin ku.

Yanayin rikodin ku yana da mahimmanci kamar makirufo. Dakin acoustics: - Hard saman (bangaye, benaye, tagogi) suna nuna sautin da ke haifar da amsawa da sake maimaitawa - Filaye masu laushi (labule, kafet, kayan ɗaki, bargo) suna shayar da sauti - Ideal: Mix na sha da watsawa don sauti na halitta - Matsala: Ganuwar layi ɗaya suna haifar da raƙuman ruwa na tsaye da girgizawa Saurin haɓakawa da sauri: 1. Mai yiwuwa Records a cikin ƙaramin ɗaki mai laushi. gadaje, labule, darduma, akwatunan littattafai 3. Rataya barguna masu motsi ko labule masu kauri akan bango 4. Yi rikodin a cikin kabad mai cike da tufafi ( rumfar sauti na halitta!) 5. Ƙirƙirar tacewa a bayan mic ta amfani da kumfa ko bargo rikodi - Refrigerator hum: Yi rikodin nesa daga kicin - Hayaniyar zirga-zirga: Rikodi a cikin sa'o'i masu natsuwa, rufe windows - Amsar ɗaki: Ƙara sha (duba sama) - Tsangwama na wutar lantarki: Ka kiyaye mic daga masu adaftar wutar lantarki, masu saka idanu, fitilun LED Pro tip: Yi rikodin 'yan daƙiƙa na shiru don ɗaukar "sautin ɗakin" - mai amfani don rage amo a cikin gyarawa. Maganganun kasafin kuɗi sun doke mics masu tsada a cikin ɗakunan da ba a kula da su ba!

Dabarar makirufo da ta dace tana inganta sautin ku sosai: Ikon nesa: - Magana ta al'ada: 6-10 inci - Waƙa mai laushi: 8-12 inci - Ƙarfafa waƙa: 10-16 inci - Ihu/ kururuwa: 12-24 inci Yin tasirin kusanci: - Matso kusa don ƙarin bass/dumi, Yi amfani da baya zuwa ƙarar murya don ƙarin nisa) Don yin aiki Sarrafa tarkace (P, B, T sautuna): - Yi amfani da tace pop 2-3 inci daga mic - Matsayin mic kadan sama ko zuwa gefen baki - Juya kan ku dan kadan yayin tukwane mai wuya - Haɓaka dabara don tausasa plosives ta dabi'a Rage sibilance (harsh S sautunan): - Nuna mic a bakinka, ba kai tsaye a tsakiya ba - Matsakaicin murya mai haske a kasa De-esser plugin in post in an buƙata Daidaita: - Alama nisan ku tare da tef ko na gani - Kula da kusurwa iri ɗaya da matsayi - Yi amfani da belun kunne don saka idanu kan kanku - Yi amfani da tsattsauran ra'ayi don hana amo motsi: - Tsaya a ɗan lokaci (amfani da dutsen girgiza don ƙananan motsi) - Don kiɗa: Matsa kusa da sassan shuru, baya a kan sassa masu ƙarfi - Don magana da magana ko matsayi: Matsakaicin matsakaicin matsayi: Matsakaicin matsakaicin N. feedback) - Rike da jiki, ba kusa da grille ba - Don na hannu: Riƙe da ƙarfi amma kar a matse Practice yana sa cikakke - rikodin kanku kuma gwaji!

Sanya makirufo da ya dace yana shafar ingancin sauti sosai. Don murya: matsayi 6-12 inci daga bakinka, ɗan kashe-kashe-axis don rage ƙusa. Ka guji nuna kai tsaye a bakinka. Nisantar masu sha'awar kwamfuta da kwandishan.

Tsarin tsari don ganowa da daidaita al'amurran da suka shafi sauti: Matsala: Sauti na bakin ciki ko ƙarami - Yayi nisa da mic ko kashe-axis - Ƙirar polar da ba daidai ba zaɓaɓɓu - Tunani na ɗaki da reverb - Gyara: Matsa kusa, matsayi a kan axis, ƙara maganin ɗakin Matsala: Muddy ko sautin sauti - Matsakaicin mic (tasirin kusanci) 2-4 inci, matsawa daga sasanninta Matsala: Harsh ko huda sauti - Maɗaukakin mita mai yawa (sibilance) - Mic ya nuna kai tsaye a baki - Makirufo mai rahusa ba tare da amsawar mitar da ta dace ba - Gyara: Angle mic dan kadan kashe-axis, yi amfani da tace pop, EQ a post Matsala: Noisy/hissy rikodi - Samun maɗaukaki, haɓaka haɓakar amo - Micder preduced amonu magana - Micder Rage haɓakar amo - Matsala mai kyau nesa da na'urorin lantarki, haɓaka haɓaka matsala Matsala: Sauti mai ƙyalli - Yawan sha / damping - An toshe makirufo - Low quality mic - Gyara: Cire damping wuce kima, duba wurin sanya mic, kayan haɓakawa Matsala: Echo ko reverb - Room yana da kyau sosai - Rikodi mai nisa daga mic - Gyara: Ƙara kayan laushi, yin rikodin kusa, yin amfani da babban matakin tacewa - Yin magana da ƙarfi/ma kusa - Gyara: Rage riba, baya a kashe mic, magana mai laushi Gwaji a tsari: Canja mai canzawa ɗaya lokaci guda, rikodin samfuran, kwatanta sakamako.

Samar da tsari shine tsarin saita matakin rikodin daidai a kowane wuri a cikin sarkar sautin ku don kula da inganci da gujewa murdiya. Makasudin: Yi rikodin da ƙarfi sosai ba tare da yankewa ba (hargitsi). Matakai don daidaitawar riba mai kyau: 1. Fara da samun / shigar da matakin sarrafawa akan dubawa ko mahaɗa 2. Yi magana ko raira waƙa a matakin ƙarar ku na al'ada 3. Daidaita riba don haka kololuwa ta buga -12 zuwa -6 dB (rawaya akan mita) 4. Kada ku bari ya buga 0 dB (ja) - wannan yana haifar da tsinkayar dijital (diddigewar murdiya). Idan clipping, rage riba. Me ya sa ba za a yi rikodin mafi girma ba? - Babu dakin kai don lokutan hayaniya da ba zato ba tsammani - Haɗarin yankewa - ƙarancin sassauci a cikin gyara Me yasa ba a yi rikodin shuru ba? - Dole ne haɓakawa a cikin gyare-gyare, haɓaka bene mai amo - Rashin siginar sigina-zuwa-amo rabo - Rasa bayanai masu ƙarfi Matakan manufa: - Magana / Podcast: -12 zuwa -6 dB kololuwa - Vocals: -18 zuwa -12 dB ganiya - Kiɗa / Maɓuɓɓuka mai ƙarfi: -6 zuwa -3 dB kololuwar Kulawa tare da duka kololuwa da mita RMS don sakamako mafi kyau. Bar headroom koyaushe!

Ƙarfin fatalwa hanya ce ta samar da wutar lantarki ta DC (yawanci 48V) don haɗa makirufo ta hanyar kebul na XLR iri ɗaya wanda ke ɗaukar sauti. Ana kiran shi "fatalwa" saboda ba a iya gani ga na'urorin da ba sa buƙatar shi - microphones masu ƙarfi suna watsi da shi lafiya. Me yasa ake buƙatarsa: Mics na Condenser yana buƙatar wuta don: - Cajin faranti na capacitor - Ƙarfafa na'urar preamplifier na ciki - Kula da wutar lantarki yadda yake aiki: 48V ana aika daidai da fil 2 da 3 na kebul na XLR, tare da fil 1 (ƙasa) azaman dawowa. Daidaitaccen sigina na jiwuwa ba shi da tasiri saboda sun bambanta. Inda ya fito: - Abubuwan musaya na sauti (mafi yawan suna da maɓallin wutar lantarki na 48V) - Haɗa consoles - Ƙaddamar da wutar lantarki mai mahimmanci: - Koyaushe kunna ikon fatalwa akan KAFIN haɗa mic da kashe KAFIN cire haɗin - Ba zai lalata mics mai ƙarfi ba, amma yana iya cutar da mics ribbon - duba kafin kunna -hanyoyin wutar lantarki na USB yana nuna alamun phan mai aiki lokacin da aka gina phan na USB. kuma basa buƙatar 48V na waje Babu ikon fatalwa = babu sauti daga na'ura mai ɗaukar hoto.

Ƙimar Samfura (aunawa a cikin Hz ko kHz) shine sau nawa a cikin sakan daya ake auna sautin. - 44.1 kHz (Ciwon CD): 44,100 samfurori a sakan daya. Yana ɗaukar mitoci har zuwa 22 kHz (iyakan jin ɗan adam). Matsayin kiɗa. - 48 kHz (bidiyon sana'a): Daidaitaccen fim, TV, samar da bidiyo. - 96 kHz ko 192 kHz (high-res): Yana ɗaukar mitoci na ultrasonic, yana ba da ƙarin ɗaki don gyarawa. Manyan fayiloli, ƙaramin bambancin ji. Zurfin Bit yana ƙayyadadden kewayo mai ƙarfi (bambanci tsakanin mafi natsuwa da sauti): - 16-bit: 96 dB tsauri mai ƙarfi. ingancin CD, mai kyau don rarraba ƙarshe. - 24-bit: 144 dB tsauri kewayon. Standarda'idar Studio, ƙarin ɗaki don yin rikodi da gyarawa. Yana rage hayaniyar ƙididdigewa. - 32-bit mai iyo: Kusan iyaka mai ƙarfi mara iyaka, ba zai yuwu a shirya shi ba. Mafi dacewa don rikodin filin da aminci. Don yawancin dalilai, 48 kHz / 24-bit ya dace. Saituna mafi girma suna ƙirƙirar manyan fayiloli tare da fa'ida kaɗan don amfani na yau da kullun.